참고문헌
- Namba, T. (1980) The Encyclopedia of Wakan-Yaku with Color Pictures (I), 1-5, Hoikusha, Osaka.
- Lee, D. C., Lee, M. O., Kim, C. Y. and Clifford, D. H. (1981) Effect of ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts of ginseng on cardiovascular function in dogs. Can. J. Comp. Med. 45: 182- 187.
- Jie, Y. H., Cammisuli, S. and Baggiolini, M. (1984) Immunomodulatory effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer in the mouse. Agents Actions 15: 386-391. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01972376
-
Kim, Y. C., Kim, S. R., Markelonis, G. J. and Oh, T. H. (1998) Ginsenosides
$Rb_1$ and$Rg_3$ protect cultured rat cortical cells from glutamate-induced neurodegeneration. J. Neurosci. Res. 53: 426-432. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19980815)53:4<426::AID-JNR4>3.0.CO;2-8 - Joo, C. N., Koo, J. D., Kim, D. S. and Lee, S. J. (1977) Biochemical studies of ginseng saponins. XI. The effects of ginseng saponins on alcohol dehydrogenase. Hanguk Saenghwa Hakhoe Chi 10: 109-120.
- Tahara, M., Kono, H., Mune, S. and Odashima, S. (1985) Action of ginsenosides on tumor cells. Growth inhibition and redifferentiation of neoplasia. Wakan Yaku Gakkaishi 2: 170- 171.
-
Yokozawa, T., Kobayashi, T., Oura, H. and Kawashima, Y. (1985) Studies on the mechanism of the hypoglycemic activity of ginsenoside-
$Rb_2$ in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 33: 869-872. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.33.869 - Park, J. D. (1996) Recent studies on the chemical constituents of Korean ginseng. Korean J. Ginseng Sci. 20: 389-415.
-
Sanata, S., Kondo, N., Shoji, J., Tanaka, O. and Shibata, S. (1974) Studies on the saponins of ginseng. I. Structure of ginseng-
$R_0$ ,$Rb_1$ ,$Rb_2$ , Rc and Rd. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 22: 421- 428. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.22.421 - Kitagawa, I., Taniyama, T., Shibuya, H., Nota, T. and Yoshikawa, M. (1987) Chemical studies on crude drug processing. V. On the constituents of ginseng radix rubra (2); Comparison of the constituents of white ginseng and red ginseng prepared from the same Panax ginseng root. Yakugaku Zasshi 107: 495-505.
- Keum, Y. S., Park, K. K., Lee, J. M., Chun, K. S., Park, J. H., Lee, S. K., Kwon, H. and Surh, Y. J. (2000) Antioxidant and anti-tumor promoting activities of the methanol extract of heat-processed ginseng. Cancer Lett. 150: 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3835(99)00369-9
-
Kim, S. E., Lee, Y. H., Park, J. H. and Lee, S. K. (1999) Ginsenoside-
$Rs_3$ , a new diol-type ginseng saponin, selectively elevates protein levels of p53 and p21WAF1 leading to induction of apoptosis in SK-HEP-1 cells. Anticancer Res. 19: 487-491. - Kim, W. Y., Kim, J. M., Han, S. B., Lee, S. K., Kim, N. D., Park, M. K., Kim, C. K. and Park, J. H. (2000) Steaming of ginseng at high temperature enhances biological activity. J. Nat. Prod. 63: 1702-1704. https://doi.org/10.1021/np990152b
- Bao, H. Y., Zhang, J., Yeo, S. J., Myung, C. S., Kim, H. M., Kim, J. M., Park, J. H., Cho, J. S. and Kang, J. S. (2005) Memory enhancing and neuroprotective effects of selected ginsenosides. Arch. Pharm. Res. 28: 335-342. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02977802
- Jung, K. Y., Kim, D. S., Oh, S. R., Lee, I. S., Lee, J. J., Park, J. D., Kim, S. I. and Lee, H. K. (1998) Platelet activating factor antagonist activity of ginsenosides. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 21: 79-80. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.21.79
- Kwon, S. W., Han, S. B., Park, I. H., Kim, J. M., Park, M. K. and Park, J. H. (2001) Liquid chromatographic determination of less polar ginsenosides in processed ginseng. J. Chromatogr. 921: 335-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)00869-X
- Hasegawa, H., Sung, J. H., Matsumiya, S. and Uchiyama, M. (1996) Main ginseng saponin metabolites formed by intestinal bacteria. Planta Med. 62: 453-457. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957938
- Hasegawa, H., Sung, J. H. and Benno, Y. (1997) Role of human intestinal Prevotella oris in hydrolyzing ginseng saponins. Planta Med. 63: 436-440. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957729
- Han, S. T., Whang, W. K., Kim, I. H., Yang, B. W., Cho, S. H. and Ko, S. K. (2005) Analysis of ginsenosides of black ginseng. Yakhak Hoeji 49: 490-494.
- Shibata, S., Tanaka, T., Ando, T., Sado, M., Tsushima, S. and Ohsawa, T. (1966) Chemical studies on oriental plant drugs (XIV). Protopanaxadiol, a genuine sapogenin of ginseng saponins. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 14: 595-600. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.14.595
- Ko, S. K., Lee, K. H., Hong, J. K., Kang, S. A., Sohn, U. D., Im, B. O., Han, S. T., Yang, B. W., Chung, S. H. and Lee, B. Y. (2005) The change of ginsenoside composition in ginseng extract by the vinegar process. Food Sci. & Biotechnol. 14: 509-513.
- Keum, Y. S., Park, K. K., Lee, J. M., Chun, K. S., Park, J. H., Lee, S. K., Kwon, H. and Surh, Y. J. (2000) Antioxidant and anti-tumor promoting activities of the methanol extract of heat-processed ginseng. Cancer Lett. 150: 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3835(99)00369-9
- Bao, H. Y., Zhang, J., Yeo, S. J., Myung, C. S., Kim, H. M., Kim, J. M., Park, J. H., Cho, J. S. and Kang, J. S. (2005) Memory enhancing and neuroprotective effects of selected ginsenosides. Arch. Pharm. Res. 28, 335-342. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02977802