Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emission from Liquid Swine Manure According to Aeration Levels in Summer

돈분뇨 액비의 폭기수준에 따른 여름철 온실가스 배출량 비교

  • 최동윤 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 박규현 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 조성백 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 양승학 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 황옥화 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 곽정훈 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 안희권 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 유용희 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원)
  • Received : 2011.10.24
  • Accepted : 2011.12.14
  • Published : 2011.12.30

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate greenhouse gas (GHG), $CH_4$ and $N_2O$, emission from liquid swine manure according to aeration levels in summer. To evaluate the influence of operation methods on GHG emissions, liquid swine manure were applied with different rates of aeration (store without aeration, $1m^3/ton/h$, $2.5m^3/ton/h$, and $5m^3/ton/h$). Following are the results of this study. The liquid swine manure applied no aeration, $1m^3/ton/h$, $2.5m^3/ton/h$, and $5m^3/ton/h$ aeration rates released 315.6, 13.9, 17.9 and $9.6{\mu}g/m^2/s$ of $CH_4$ and 0.173, 0.157, 0.131, and $0.241{\mu}g/m^2/s$ of $N_2O$, respectively. Liquid swine manure applied no aeration released the most amount of GHG ($6,681.4{\mu}g/m^2/s$ $CO_2$-Eq.) and followed by $5m^3/ton/h$ ($276.4{\mu}g/m^2/s$ $CO_2$-Eq.), $2.5m^3/ton/h$ ($416.0{\mu}g/m^2/s$ $CO_2$-Eq.), and $1m^3/ton/h$ ($340.8{\mu}g/m^2/s$ $CO_2$-Eq.). Our results reveal that the aerated system may reduce GHG emissions compared to no aeration. Consequently, aeration and mixing were effective at reducing GHG emissions during liquid swine manure storage.

본 시험은 돈분뇨 액비에서 발생하는 온실가스 ($CH_4$, $N_2O$) 발생량을 조사하기 위해 수행하였으며, 처리구별로 메탄 및 아산화질소의 발생량을 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 돈분뇨 액비에서 발생하는 메탄량은 단순 저장, 폭기 1.0, 폭기 2.5, 폭기 $5.0m^3$/톤/시간 처리구에서 각각 315.6, 13.9, 17.9, $9.6{\mu}g/m^2/s$, 아산화질소량은 각각 0.173, 0.157, 0.131, $0.241{\mu}g/m^2/s$로 나타났으며, 이를 이산화탄소 발생량으로 환산하면, 각각 6,618.4, 340.8, 416.0, $276.4{\mu}g/m^2/s$였다. 또한 폭기처리 시 전기 사용에 따른 이산화탄소 발생량은 각각 0, 81.6, 204.0, $407.9g/m^2$/일로 나타났다. 따라서 전기사용량을 고려한 돈분뇨 액비화 과정의 폭기처리 수준에 따른 총 이산환탄소 발생량은 각각 577.3, 111.0, 239.9, $431.8g/m^2$/일로서 돈분뇨 액비화 처리과정시 호기적 처리를 하게 되면 단순저장에 비해서 메탄 및 아산화질소 등의 온실가스 발생량이 저감되는 것으로 조사되었으며 적절한 폭기량은 $1.0{\sim}2.5m^3$/톤/시간으로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. Cicerone, R. J. 1987. Changes in stratospheric ozone. Science 237:35-42. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.237.4810.35
  2. Crutzen, P. J. 1995. On the role of $CH_4$ in atmospheric chemistry: Sources, sinks and possible reductions in anthropogenic sources. Ambio 24:52-55.
  3. Houghton, J. T., Callander, B. A. and Varney, S. K. 1992. The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment, Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, New York.
  4. Houghton JT., Meira Filho LG., Bruce J., Lee H., Callander BA., Haites E, Harris N. and Maskell K. 1995. Climate Change 1994: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change and an Evaluation of the IPCC IS92 Emission Senarious. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  5. Hustead, S. 1993. An open chamber technique for determination of methane emission from stored livestock manure. Atmospheric Environment 27, 1635-1642. https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(93)90226-O
  6. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 1996. Guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventory. Green House Gas Inventory Workbook. 2.
  7. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2001. Guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventory.
  8. Kebreab, E., Clark, K., Wagner-Riddle, C. and France, J. 2006. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from canadian animal agriculture: a review. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 86, 135-158. https://doi.org/10.4141/A05-010
  9. Livingston, G. P. and Hutchinson, G. L. 1995. Biogenic trace gases: Measuring emissions from soil and water. Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, UK., Ch. Enclosure-based measurement of trace gas exchange : Applications and sources of error, pp. 14-51.
  10. McGinn, S. M. 2006. Measuring greenhouse gas emissions from point sources in agriculture. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 86, 355-371. https://doi.org/10.4141/S05-099
  11. Moss, A. R. 1993. Methane: global warming and production by animals. Chalcombe Publications, Kingston, UK.
  12. Osada, T., Kuroda, K. and Yonaga, M. 2000. Determination of nitrous oxide, methane, and ammonia emissions from a swine waste composting process. J. Mater. Cycles Waste Mgmt. 2:51-56.
  13. Pattey, E., Trzcinski, M. K. and Desjardins, R. L. 2005. Quantifying the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as a result of composting dairy and beef cattle manure. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 72, 173-187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-005-1268-5
  14. Thompson, A. G., Wagner-Riddle, C. and Fleming, R. 2004. Emissions of $N_2O$ and CH4 during the composting of liquid swine manure. Environ. Monit. Assess. 91:87-104. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EMAS.0000009231.04123.2d
  15. 최동윤, 박규현, 곽정훈, 조성백, 양승학, 황옥화, 안희권, 강희설, 유용희. 2010. Pail내 돈슬러리의 메탄 발생량에 관한 연구. 한국축산시설환경학회지 16(3):175-180.