DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The T2-Shortening Effect of Gadolinium and the Optimal Conditions for Maximizing the CNR for Evaluating the Biliary System: a Phantom Study

  • Lee, Mi-Jung (Department of Radiology and the Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Children’s Hospital, Yonsei University, College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Myung-Joon (Department of Radiology and the Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Children’s Hospital, Yonsei University, College of Medicine) ;
  • Yoon, Choon-Sik (Department of Radiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, College of Medicine) ;
  • Song, Si-Young (Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, College of Medicine) ;
  • Park, Kyung-Soo (Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University, College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Woo-Sun (Department of Radiology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital)
  • Published : 2011.06.01

Abstract

Objective: Clear depiction of the common bile duct is important when evaluating neonatal cholestasis in order to differentiate biliary atresia from other diseases. During MR cholangiopancreatography, the T2-shortening effect of gadolinium can increase the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the bile duct and enhance its depiction. The purpose of this study was to confirm, by performing a phantom study, the T2-shortening effect of gadolinium, to evaluate the effect of different gadolinium chelates with different gadolinium concentrations and different magnetic field strengths for investigating the optimal combination of these conditions, and for identifying the maximum CNR for the evaluation of the biliary system. Materials and Methods: MR imaging using a T2-weighted single-shot fast spin echo sequence and T2 relaxometry was performed with a sponge phantom in a syringe tube. Two kinds of contrast agents (Gd-DTPA and Gd-EOB-DTPA) with different gadolinium concentrations were evaluated with 1.5T and 3T scanners. The signal intensities, the CNRs and the T2 relaxation time were analyzed. Results: The signal intensities significantly decreased as the gadolinium concentrations increased (p < 0.001) with both contrast agents. These signal intensities were higher on a 3T (p < 0.001) scanner. The CNRs were higher on a 1.5T (p < 0.001) scanner and they showed no significant change with different gadolinium concentrations. The T2 relaxation time also showed a negative correlation with the gadolinium concentrations (p < 0.001) and the CNRs showed decrease more with Gd-EOB-DTPA (versus Gd-DTPA; p < 0.001) on a 3T scanner (versus 1.5T; p < 0.001). Conclusion: A T2-shortening effect of gadolinium exhibits a negative correlation with the gadolinium concentration for both the signal intensities and the T2 relaxation time. A higher CNR can be obtained with Gd-DTPA on a 1.5T MRI scanner.

Keywords

References

  1. Carlos RC, Hussain HK, Song JH, Francis IR. Gadoliniumethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid as an intrabiliary contrast agent: preliminary assessment. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002;179:87-92 https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.179.1.1790087
  2. Takaya J, Nakano S, Imai Y, Fujii Y, Kaneko K. Usefulness of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in biliary structures in infants: a four-case report. Eur J Pediatr 2007;166:211-214 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-006-0230-0
  3. Jaw TS, Kuo YT, Liu GC, Chen SH, Wang CK. MR cholangiography in the evaluation of neonatal cholestasis. Radiology 1999;212:249-256 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.212.1.r99jl13249
  4. Rohrer M, Bauer H, Mintorovitch J, Requardt M, Weinmann HJ. Comparison of magnetic properties of MRI contrast media solutions at different magnetic field strengths. Invest Radiol 2005;40:715-724 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.rli.0000184756.66360.d3
  5. Kanematsu M, Matsuo M, Shiratori Y, Kondo H, Hoshi H, Yasuda I, et al. Thick-section half-Fourier rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement MR cholangiopancreatography: effects of i.v. administration of gadolinium chelate. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002;178:755-761 https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.178.3.1780755
  6. Kuperman VY, Alley MT. Differentiation between the effects of T1 and T2* shortening in contrast-enhanced MRI of the breast. J Magn Reson Imaging 1999;9:172-176 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-2586(199902)9:2<172::AID-JMRI4>3.0.CO;2-G
  7. Elster AD, Sobol WT, Hinson WH. Pseudolayering of Gd-DTPA in the urinary bladder. Radiology 1990;174:379-381 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.174.2.2296649
  8. May DA, Pennington DJ. Effect of gadolinium concentration on renal signal intensity: an in vitro study with a saline bag model. Radiology 2000;216:232-236 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.216.1.r00jl40232
  9. Hwang HS, Kim SH, Jeon TY, Choi D, Lee WJ, Lim HK. Hypointense hepatic lesions depicted on gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced three-hour delayed hepatobiliary-phase MR imaging: differentiation between benignancy and malignancy. Korean J Radiol 2009;10:294-302 https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2009.10.3.294
  10. Bollow M, Taupitz M, Hamm B, Staks T, Wolf KJ, Weinmann HJ. Gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-DTPA as a hepatobiliary contrast agent for use in MR cholangiography: results of an in vivo phase-I clinical evaluation. Eur Radiol 1997;7:126-132 https://doi.org/10.1007/s003300050125
  11. Strich G, Hagan PL, Gerber KH, Slutsky RA. Tissue distribution and magnetic resonance spin lattice relaxation effects of gadolinium-DTPA. Radiology 1985;154:723-726 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.154.3.3969477
  12. Weinmann HJ, Brasch RC, Press WR, Wesbey GE. Characteristics of gadolinium-DTPA complex: a potential NMR contrast agent. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1984;142:619-624 https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.142.3.619
  13. Bellin MF, Webb JA, Van Der Molen AJ, Thomsen HS, Morcos SK. Safety of MR liver specific contrast media. Eur Radiol 2005;15:1607-1614 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-004-2612-x
  14. Hamm B, Staks T, Muhler A, Bollow M, Taupitz M, Frenzel T, et al. Phase I clinical evaluation of Gd-EOB-DTPA as a hepatobiliary MR contrast agent: safety, pharmacokinetics, and MR imaging. Radiology 1995;195:785-792 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.195.3.7754011
  15. Nakamura Y, Ohmoto T, Saito T, Kajima T, Nishimaru E, Ito K. Effects of gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid on T2-weighted MRCP. Magn Reson Med Sci 2009;8:143-148 https://doi.org/10.2463/mrms.8.143

Cited by

  1. Biliary-enteric anastomoses: spectrum of findings on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR cholangiography vol.38, pp.6, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-013-0007-7
  2. Bisphosphonate Functionalized Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles Allow Long‐Term MRI/CT Multimodal Imaging of Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement vol.7, pp.19, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201800202
  3. Evaluation of the Subscapularis Tendon Tears on 3T Magnetic Resonance Arthrography: Comparison of Diagnostic Performance of T1-Weighted Spectral Presaturation with Inversion-Recovery and T2-Weighted T vol.19, pp.2, 2011, https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2018.19.2.320
  4. Multifunctional nanoparticles for real-time evaluation of toxicity during fetal development vol.13, pp.2, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192474
  5. Tracking embryonic hematopoietic stem cells to the bone marrow: nanoparticle options to evaluate transplantation efficiency vol.9, pp.1, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-018-0944-8
  6. GdVO4:Eu3+,Bi3+ Nanoparticles as a Contrast Agent for MRI and Luminescence Bioimaging vol.4, pp.14, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b00444
  7. T2 Quantification of Agarose with Contrast Agent in Magnetic Resonance Imaging vol.1505, pp.None, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1505/1/012044
  8. Mitochondriotropic lanthanide nanorods: implications for multimodal imaging vol.56, pp.57, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1039/d0cc02698k
  9. Exploring the Unique Contrast Properties of Aptamer-Gadolinium Conjugates in Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Targeted Imaging of Thrombi vol.13, pp.8, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c16666
  10. Gadolinium-Based Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement Agent Enhances Sensitivity for NUS Multidimensional NMR-Based Metabolomics vol.26, pp.17, 2011, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175115