DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Endoscopic Therapy in Chronic Pancreatitis

  • Tan, Damien Meng Yew (Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital) ;
  • Sherman, Stuart (Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Indiana University Medical Center)
  • 발행 : 2011.12.01

초록

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a debilitating disease that can result in chronic abdominal pain, malnutrition, and other related complications. The main aims of treatment are to control symptoms, prevent disease progression, and correct any complications. A multidisciplinary approach involving medical, endoscopic, and surgical therapy is important. Endoscopic therapy plays a specific role in carefully selected patients as primary interventional therapy when medical measures fail or in patients who are not suitable for surgery. Endoscopic therapy is also used as a bridge to surgery or as a means to assess the potential response to pancreatic surgery. This review addresses the role of endoscopic therapy in relief of obstruction of the pancreatic duct (PD) and bile du ct, closure of PD leaks, and drainage of pseudocysts in CP. The role of endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac plexus block for pain in chronic pancreatitis is also discussed.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Sarles H. Etiopathogenesis and definition of chronic pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci 1986;31(9 Suppl):91S-107S. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01309330
  2. Ceyhan GO, Bergmann F, Kadihasanoglu M, et al. Pancreatic neuropathy and neuropathic pain-a comprehensive pathomorphological study of 546 cases. Gastroenterology 2009;136:177-186.e1. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2008.09.029
  3. Bockman DE, Buchler M, Malfertheiner P, Beger HG. Analysis of nerves in chronic pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 1998;94:1459-1469.
  4. Jalleh RP, Aslam M, Williamson RC. Pancreatic tissue and ductal pressures in chronic pancreatitis. Br J Surg 1991;78:1235-1237. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800781028
  5. Dite P, Ruzicka M, Zboril V, Novotny I. A prospective, randomized trial comparing endoscopic and surgical therapy for chronic pancreatitis. Endoscopy 2003;35:553-558. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-40237
  6. Cahen DL, Gouma DJ, Nio Y, et al. Endoscopic vs. surgical drainage of the pancreatic duct in chronic pancreatitis. N Engl J Med 2007;356:676-684. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa060610
  7. Elta GH. Is there a role for the endoscopic treatment of pain from chronic pancreatitis? N Engl J Med 2007;356:727-729. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMe068298
  8. Delhaye M, Arvanitakis M, Bali M, Matos C, Deviere J. Endoscopic therapy for chronic pancreatitis. Scand J Surg 2005;94:143-153. https://doi.org/10.1177/145749690509400211
  9. Rosch T, Daniel S, Scholz M, et al. Endoscopic treatment of chronic pancreatitis: a multicenter study of 1000 patients with long-term follow-up. Endoscopy 2002;34:765-771. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-34256
  10. Bali MA, Sztantics A, Metens T, et al. Quantification of pancreatic exocrine function with secretin-enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: normal values and shortterm effects of pancreatic duct drainage procedures in chronic pancreatitis: initial results. Eur Radiol 2005;15:2110-2121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-005-2819-5
  11. Delhaye M, Arvanitakis M, Verset G, Cremer M, Deviere J. Long-term clinical outcome after endoscopic pancreatic ductal drainage for patients with painful chronic pancreatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;2:1096-1106. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00544-0
  12. Park SH, de Bellis M, McHenry L, et al. Use of methylene blue to identify the minor papilla or its orifice in patients with pancreas divisum. Gastrointest Endosc 2003;57:358-363. https://doi.org/10.1067/mge.2003.110
  13. Devereaux BM, Lehman GA, Fein S, Phillips S, Fogel EL, Sherman S. Facilitation of pancreatic duct cannulation using a new synthetic porcine secretin. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:2279-2281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05982.x
  14. Kahaleh M, Yoshida C, Yeaton P. EUS antegrade pancreatography with gastropancreatic duct stent placement: review of two cases. Gastrointest Endosc 2003;58:919-923. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(03)02297-1
  15. Dewitt J, McHenry L, Fogel E, Leblanc J, McGreevy K, Sherman S. EUS-guided methylene blue pancreatography for minor papilla localization after unsuccessful ERCP. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;59:133-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(03)02278-8
  16. Will U, Fueldner F, Thieme AK, et al. Transgastric pancreatography and EUS-guided drainage of the pancreatic duct. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2007;14:377-382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00534-006-1139-8
  17. Cremer M, Deviere J, Delhaye M, Baize M, Vandermeeren A. Stenting in severe chronic pancreatitis: results of medium-term follow-up in seventy-six patients. Endoscopy 1991;23:171-176. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1010649
  18. Kalady MF, Peterson B, Baillie J, et al. Pancreatic duct strictures: identifying risk of malignancy. Ann Surg Oncol 2004;11:581-588. https://doi.org/10.1245/ASO.2004.03.070
  19. Familiari P, Spada C, Costamagna G. Dilation of a severe pancreatic stricture by using a guide wire left in place for 24 hours. Gastrointest Endosc 2007;66:618-620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2006.12.050
  20. Farnbacher MJ, Radespiel-Troger M, Konig MD, Wehler M, Hahn EG, Schneider HT. Pancreatic endoprostheses in chronic pancreatitis: criteria to predict stent occlusion. Gastrointest Endosc 2006;63:60-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2005.08.046
  21. Delhaye M, Matos C, Deviere J. Endoscopic technique for the management of pancreatitis and its complications. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2004;18:155-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1521-6918(03)00077-5
  22. Wilcox CM. Endoscopic therapy for pain in chronic pancreatitis: is it time for the naysayers to throw in the towel? Gastrointest Endosc 2005;61:582-586. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(04)02797-X
  23. Gabbrielli A, Mutignani M, Pandolfi M, Perri V, Costamagna G. Endotherapy of early onset idiopathic chronic pancreatitis: results with long-term follow-up. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;55:488-493. https://doi.org/10.1067/mge.2002.122651
  24. Gabbrielli A, Pandolfi M, Mutignani M, et al. Efficacy of main pancreatic-duct endoscopic drainage in patients with chronic pancreatitis, continuous pain, and dilated duct. Gastrointest Endosc 2005;61:576-581. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(05)00295-6
  25. Nguyen-Tang T, Dumonceau JM. Endoscopic treatment in chronic pancreatitis, timing, duration and type of intervention. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2010;24:281-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2010.03.002
  26. Binmoeller KF, Jue P, Seifert H, Nam WC, Izbicki J, Soehendra N. Endoscopic pancreatic stent drainage in chronic pancreatitis and a dominant stricture: long-term results. Endoscopy 1995;27:638-644. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1005780
  27. Smits ME, Badiga SM, Rauws EA, Tytgat GN, Huibregtse K. Long-term results of pancreatic stents in chronic pancreatitis. Gastrointest Endosc 1995;42:461-467. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(95)70051-X
  28. Costamagna G, Bulajic M, Tringali A, et al. Multiple stenting of refractory pancreatic duct strictures in severe chronic pancreatitis: long-term results. Endoscopy 2006;38:254-259. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-921069
  29. Eisendrath P, Deviere J. Expandable metal stents for benign pancreatic duct obstruction. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 1999;9:547-554.
  30. Sauer B, Talreja J, Ellen K, Ku J, Shami VM, Kahaleh M. Temporary placement of a fully covered self-expandable metal stent in the pancreatic duct for management of symptomatic refractory chronic pancreatitis: preliminary data (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2008;68:1173-1178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2008.06.011
  31. Park do H, Kim MH, Moon SH, Lee SS, Seo DW, Lee SK. Feasibility and safety of placement of a newly designed, fully covered self-expandable metal stent for refractory benign pancreatic ductal strictures: a pilot study (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2008;68:1182-1189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2008.07.027
  32. Moon SH, Kim MH, Park do H, et al. Modified fully covered self-expandable metal stents with antimigration features for benign pancreatic-duct strictures in advanced chronic pancreatitis, with a focus on the safety profile and reducing migration. Gastrointest Endosc 2010;72:86-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2010.01.063
  33. Mullhaupt B, Truninger K, Ammann R. Impact of etiology on the painful early stage of chronic pancreatitis: a long-term prospective study. Z Gastroenterol 2005;43:1293-1301. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-858733
  34. Layer P, Yamamoto H, Kalthoff L, Clain JE, Bakken LJ, Di- Magno EP. The different courses of early- and late-onset idiopathic and alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 1994;107:1481-1487. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(94)90553-3
  35. Lankisch PG, Lohr-Happe A, Otto J, Creutzfeldt W. Natural course in chronic pancreatitis: pain, exocrine and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency and prognosis of the disease. Digestion 1993;54:148-155. https://doi.org/10.1159/000201029
  36. Wilcox CM, Lopes TL. A randomized trial comparing endoscopic stenting to a sham procedure for chronic pancreatitis. Clin Trials 2009;6:455-463. https://doi.org/10.1177/1740774509338230
  37. Brand B, Kahl M, Sidhu S, et al. Prospective evaluation of morphology, function, and quality of life after extra-corporeal shockwave lithotripsy and endoscopic treatment of chronic calcific pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:3428-3438. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.03190.x
  38. Thomas M, Howell DA, Carr-Locke D, et al. Mechanical lithotripsy of pancreatic and biliary stones: complications and available treatment options collected from expert centers. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:1896-1902. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01350.x
  39. Sherman S, Lehman GA, Hawes RH, et al. Pancreatic ductal stones: frequency of successful endoscopic removal and improvement in symptoms. Gastrointest Endosc 1991;37:511-517. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(91)70818-3
  40. Adamek HE, Jakobs R, Buttmann A, Adamek MU, Schneider AR, Riemann JF. Long term follow up of patients with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic stones treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Gut 1999;45:402-405. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.45.3.402
  41. Inui K, Tazuma S, Yamaguchi T, et al. Treatment of pancreatic stones with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: results of a multicenter survey. Pancreas 2005;30:26-30.
  42. Ohara H, Hoshino M, Hayakawa T, et al. Single application extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is the first choice for patients with pancreatic duct stones. Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91:1388-1394.
  43. Dumonceau JM, Costamagna G, Tringali A, et al. Treatment for painful calcified chronic pancreatitis: extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy vs. endoscopic treatment: a randomized controlled trial. Gut 2007;56:545-552. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2006.096883
  44. Howell DA, Dy RM, Hanson BL, Nezhad SF, Broaddus SB. Endoscopic treatment of pancreatic duct stones using a 10F pancreatoscope and electrohydraulic lithotripsy. Gastrointest Endosc 1999;50:829-833. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(99)70168-9
  45. Chen YK, Tarnasky PR, Raijman I, et al. Peroral pancreatoscopy (PP) for pancreatic stone therapy and investigation of susptected pancreatic lesions: first human experience using the spyglass direct visualization system (SDVS). Gastrointest Endosc 2008;67:AB108.
  46. Kozarek RA, Brandabur JJ, Ball TJ, et al. Clinical outcomes in patients who undergo extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for chronic calcific pancreatitis. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;56:496-500. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(02)70432-X
  47. Deviere J, Delhaye M, Cremer M. Pancreatic duct stones management. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 1998;8:163-179.
  48. Dumonceau JM, Deviere J, Le Moine O, et al. Endoscopic pancreatic drainage in chronic pancreatitis associated with ductal stones: long-term results. Gastrointest Endosc 1996;43:547-555. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(96)70189-X
  49. Delhaye M, Vandermeeren A, Baize M, Cremer M. Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy of pancreatic calculi. Gastroenterology 1992;102:610-620. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(92)90110-K
  50. Guda NM, Partington S, Freeman ML. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the management of chronic calcific pancreatitis: a meta-analysis. Jop 2005;6:6-12.
  51. Deviere J, Bueso H, Baize M, et al. Complete disruption of the main pancreatic duct: endoscopic management. Gastrointest Endosc 1995;42:445-451. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(95)70048-X
  52. Kozarek RA, Ball TJ, Patterson DJ, Freeny PC, Ryan JA, Traverso LW. Endoscopic transpapillary therapy for disrupted pancreatic duct and peripancreatic fluid collections. Gastroenterology 1991;100:1362-1370. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(91)90790-R
  53. Bracher GA, Manocha AP, DeBanto JR, et al. Endoscopic pancreatic duct stenting to treat pancreatic ascites. Gastrointest Endosc 1999;49:710-715. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(99)70287-7
  54. Telford JJ, Farrell JJ, Saltzman JR, et al. Pancreatic stent placement for duct disruption. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;56:18-24. https://doi.org/10.1067/mge.2002.125107
  55. Varadarajulu S, Noone TC, Tutuian R, Hawes RH, Cotton PB. Predictors of outcome in pancreatic duct disruption managed by endoscopic transpapillary stent placement. Gastrointest Endosc 2005;61:568-575. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(04)02832-9
  56. Seewald S, Brand B, Groth S, et al. Endoscopic sealing of pancreatic fistula by using N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;59:463-470. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(03)02708-1
  57. Lawrence C, Howell DA, Stefan AM, et al. Disconnected pancreatic tail syndrome: potential for endoscopic therapy and results of long-term follow-up. Gastrointest Endosc 2008;67:673-679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2007.07.017
  58. Andren-Sandberg A, Dervenis C. Pancreatic pseudocysts in the 21st century. Part II: natural history. JOP 2004;5:64-70.
  59. Andren-Sandberg A, Dervenis C. Pancreatic pseudocysts in the 21st century. Part I: classification, pathophysiology, anatomic considerations and treatment. JOP 2004;5:8-24.
  60. Jacobson BC, Baron TH, Adler DG, et al. ASGE guideline: the role of endoscopy in the diagnosis and the management of cystic lesions and inflammatory fluid collections of the pancreas. Gastrointest Endosc 2005;61:363-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(04)02779-8
  61. Baron TH, Thaggard WG, Morgan DE, Stanley RJ. Endoscopic therapy for organized pancreatic necrosis. Gastroenterology 1996;111:755-764. https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.1996.v111.pm8780582
  62. Kozarek RA. Endoscopic management of pancreatic necrosis: not for the uncommitted. Gastrointest Endosc 2005;62:101-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(05)01638-X
  63. Kahaleh M, Shami VM, Conaway MR, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst: a prospective comparison with conventional endoscopic drainage. Endoscopy 2006;38:355-359. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-925249
  64. Seewald S, Ang TL, Kida M, Teng KY, Soehendra N. EUS 2008 Working Group document: evaluation of EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic-fluid collections (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2009;69(2 Suppl):S13-S21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2008.10.061
  65. Seewald S, Ang TL, Soehendra N. Advanced techniques for drainage of peripancreatic fluid collections. Gastrointest Endosc 2009;69(2 Suppl):S182-S185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2008.12.035
  66. Avula H, Sherman S. What is the role of endotherapy in chronic pancreatitis? Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2010;3:367-382. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756283X10376991
  67. Arvanitakis M, Delhaye M, Bali MA, et al. Pancreatic-fluid collections: a randomized controlled trial regarding stent removal after endoscopic trans-mural drainage. Gastrointest Endosc 2007;65:609-619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2006.06.083
  68. Cahen D, Rauws E, Fockens P, Weverling G, Huibregtse K, Bruno M. Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts: longterm outcome and procedural factors associated with safe and successful treatment. Endoscopy 2005;37:977-983. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-870336
  69. Baron TH, Harewood GC, Morgan DE, Yates MR. Outcome differences after endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis, acute pancreatic pseudocysts, and chronic pancreatic pseudocysts. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;56:7-17. https://doi.org/10.1067/mge.2002.125106
  70. Tarnasky P, Cunningham J, Cotton P, et al. Pancreatic sphincter hypertension increases the risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Endoscopy 1997;29:252-257. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1004185
  71. Laugier R. Dynamic endoscopic manometry of the response to secretin in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Endoscopy 1994;26:222-227. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1008947
  72. Okolo III PI, Pasricha PJ, Kalloo AN. What are the long-term results of endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomy? Gastrointest Endosc 2000;52:15-19. https://doi.org/10.1067/mge.2000.106669
  73. Gregg JA. Pancreas divisum: its association with pancreatitis. Am J Surg 1977;134:539-543. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9610(77)90429-9
  74. Lehman GA, Sherman S, Nisi R, Hawes RH. Pancreas divisum: results of minor papilla sphincterotomy. Gastrointest Endosc 1993;39:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(93)70001-2
  75. Borak GD, Romagnuolo J, Alsolaiman M, Holt EW, Cotton PB. Long-term clinical outcomes after endoscopic minor papilla therapy in symptomatic patients with pancreas divisum. Pancreas 2009;38:903-906. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPA.0b013e3181b2bc03
  76. Abdallah AA, Krige JE, Bornman PC. Biliary tract obstruction in chronic pancreatitis. HPB (Oxford) 2007;9:421-428. https://doi.org/10.1080/13651820701774883
  77. Arslanlar S, Jain R. Benign biliary strictures related to chronic pancreatitis: balloons, stents, or surgery. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol 2007;10:369-375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11938-007-0037-8
  78. Hammel P, Couvelard A, O'Toole D, et al. Regression of liver fibrosis after biliary drainage in patients with chronic pancreatitis and stenosis of the common bile duct. N Engl J Med 2001;344:418-423. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200102083440604
  79. Deviere J, Devaere S, Baize M, Cremer M. Endoscopic biliary drainage in chronic pancreatitis. Gastrointest Endosc 1990;36:96-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(90)70959-5
  80. Catalano MF, Linder JD, George S, Alcocer E, Geenen JE. Treatment of symptomatic distal common bile duct stenosis secondary to chronic pancreatitis: comparison of single vs. multiple simultaneous stents. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;60:945-952. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(04)02275-8
  81. Draganov P, Hoffman B, Marsh W, Cotton P, Cunningham J. Long-term outcome in patients with benign biliary strictures treated endoscopically with multiple stents. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;55:680-686. https://doi.org/10.1067/mge.2002.122955
  82. Pozsar J, Sahin P, Laszlo F, Forro G, Topa L. Medium-term results of endoscopic treatment of common bile duct strictures in chronic calcifying pancreatitis with increasing numbers of stents. J Clin Gastroenterol 2004;38:118-123. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004836-200402000-00007
  83. Cantu P, Hookey LC, Morales A, Le Moine O, Deviere J. The treatment of patients with symptomatic common bile duct stenosis secondary to chronic pancreatitis using partially covered metal stents: a pilot study. Endoscopy 2005;37:735-739. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-870130
  84. Deviere J, Cremer M, Baize M, Love J, Sugai B, Vandermeeren A. Management of common bile duct stricture caused by chronic pancreatitis with metal mesh self expandable stents. Gut 1994;35:122-126. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.35.1.122
  85. van Berkel AM, Cahen DL, van Westerloo DJ, Rauws EA, Huibregtse K, Bruno MJ. Self-expanding metal stents in benign biliary strictures due to chronic pancreatitis. Endoscopy 2004;36:381-384. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-814319
  86. Kahaleh M, Behm B, Clarke BW, et al. Temporary placement of covered self-expandable metal stents in benign biliary strictures: a new paradigm? (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2008;67:446-454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2007.06.057
  87. Mahajan A, Ho H, Sauer B, et al. Temporary placement of fully covered self-expandable metal stents in benign biliary strictures: midterm evaluation (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2009;70:303-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2008.11.029
  88. Eloubeidi MA. Initial evaluation of the forward-viewing echoendoscope prototype for performing fine-needle aspiration, Tru-cut biopsy, and celiac plexus neurolysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;26:63-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06409.x
  89. Gleeson FC, Levy MJ, Papachristou GI, et al. Frequency of visualization of presumed celiac ganglia by endoscopic ultrasound. Endoscopy 2007;39:620-624. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-966337
  90. Levy MJ, Topazian MD, Wiersema MJ, et al. Initial evaluation of the efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasoundguided direct ganglia neurolysis and block. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:98-103. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01607.x
  91. Sakamoto H, Kitano M, Kamata K, et al. EUS-guided broad plexus neurolysis over the superior mesenteric artery using a 25-gauge needle. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105:2599-2606. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2010.339
  92. LeBlanc JK, DeWitt J, Johnson C, et al. A prospective randomized trial of 1 vs. 2 injections during EUS-guided celiac plexus block for chronic pancreatitis pain. Gastrointest Endosc 2009;69:835-842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2008.05.071
  93. Faigel DO, Veloso KM, Long WB, Kochman ML. Endosonography- guided celiac plexus injection for abdominal pain due to chronic pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91:1675.
  94. Gress F, Schmitt C, Sherman S, Ciaccia D, Ikenberry S, Lehman G. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac plexus block for managing abdominal pain associated with chronic pancreatitis: a prospective single center experience. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:409-416. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03551.x
  95. Gress F, Schmitt C, Sherman S, Ikenberry S, Lehman G. A prospective randomized comparison of endoscopic ultrasound- and computed tomography-guided celiac plexus block for managing chronic pancreatitis pain. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:900-905. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.01042.x
  96. Kaufman M, Singh G, Das S, et al. Efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound- guided celiac plexus block and celiac plexus neurolysis for managing abdominal pain associated with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. J Clin Gastroenterol 2010;44:127-134. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181bb854d
  97. Puli SR, Reddy JB, Bechtold ML, Antillon MR, Brugge WR. EUS-guided celiac plexus neurolysis for pain due to chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer pain: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Dig Dis Sci 2009;54:2330-2337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-008-0651-x
  98. Sahai AV, Wyse J. EUS-guided celiac plexus block for chronic pancreatitis: a placebo-controlled trial should be the first priority. Gastrointest Endosc 2010;71:430-431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2009.05.009

피인용 문헌

  1. Roles of Endoscopic Intervention for Chronic Pancreatitis vol.83, pp.1, 2011, https://doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2012.83.1.29
  2. Pathologico-Anatomic Categories of Choledochal End-Piece Stenosis Due to Chronic Pancreatitis and Clinical Significance vol.3, pp.4, 2011, https://doi.org/10.4236/ojemd.2013.34030
  3. Therapie von Pankreaspseudozysten : Endoskopie vs. Chirurgie vol.84, pp.2, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-012-2376-9
  4. A Pancreaticobronchial Fistula Associated With Previous Trauma and Pancreas Pseudocysts: A Case Report vol.6, pp.4, 2011, https://doi.org/10.4021/gr560w
  5. Complex treatment of patient with chronic pancreatitis vol.2018, pp.11, 2011, https://doi.org/10.17116/hirurgia201811168
  6. Successful endoscopic removal of a rare, large impacted pancreatic duct stone using grasping forceps : A case report with video vol.97, pp.14, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000010304