참고문헌
- Kim S, Vermeulen R, Waidyanatha S, Johnson BA, Lan Q, Rothman N, Smith MT, Zhang L, Li G, Shen M, Yin S, Rappaport SM. Using urinary biomarkers to elucidate dose-related patterns of human benzene metabolism. Carcinogenesis 2006;27:772-81.
- Dougherty D, Garte S, Barchowsky A, Zmuda J, Taioli E. Nqo1, Mpo, Cyp2e1, Gstt1 and Gstm1 polymorphisms and biological effects of benzene exposure--a literature review. Toxicol Lett 2008;182:7-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.09.008
- Rappaport SM, Kim S, Lan Q, Li G, Vermeulen R, Waidyanatha S, Zhang L, Yin S, Smith MT, Rothman N. Human benzene metabolism following occupational and environmental exposures. Chem Biol Interact 2010;184:189-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2009.12.017
- National Institute of Environmental Research. Report of air quality in Korea 2009. National Institute of Environmental Research. Incheon. 2010. pp 86-8. (Korean)
- Weisel CP. Benzene exposure: An overview of monitoring methods and their findings. Chem Biol Interact 2010;184:58-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2009.12.030
- Mansi A, Bruni R, Capone P, Paci E, Pigini D, Simeoni C, Gnerre R, Papacchini M, Tranfo G. Low occupational exposure to benzene in a petrochemical plant: modulating effect of genetic polymorphisms and smoking habit on the urinary T,T-Ma/Spma ratio. Toxicol Lett 2011;
- Johnson ES, Langard S, Lin YS. A critique of benzene exposure in the general population. Sci Total Environ 2007;374:183-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.11.045
- Khalade A, Jaakkola MS, Pukkala E, Jaakkola JJ. Exposure to benzene at work and the risk of leukemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Health 2010;9:31. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-9-31
- Vlaanderen J, Lan Q, Kromhout H, Rothman N, Vermeulen R. Occupational benzene exposure and the risk of lymphoma subtypes: A meta-analysis of cohort studies incorporating three study quality dimensions. Environ Health Perspect 2011;119:159-67. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1103660
- Lan Q, Zhang L, Li G, Vermeulen R, Weinberg RS, Dosemeci M, Rappaport SM, Shen M, Alter BP, Wu Y, Kopp W, Waidyanatha S, Rabkin C, Guo W, Chanock S, Hayes RB, Linet M, Kim S, Yin S, Rothman N, Smith MT. Hematotoxicity in workers exposed to low levels of benzene. Science 2004;306:1774-6. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102443
- Sorensen M, Autrup H, Moller P, Hertel O, Jensen SS, Vinzents P, Knudsen LE, Loft S. Linking exposure to environmental pollutants with biological effects. Mutat Res 2003;544:255-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2003.06.010
- Barreto G, Madureira D, Capani F, Aon-Bertolino L, Saraceno E, Alvarez-Giraldez LD. The role of catechols and free radicals in benzene toxicity: An oxidative DNA damage pathway. Environ Mol Mutagen 2009;50:771-80. https://doi.org/10.1002/em.20500
- Schulz E, Gori T, Munzel T. Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in hypertension. Hypertens Res 2011;34:665-73. https://doi.org/10.1038/hr.2011.39
- Sugamura K, Keaney JF, Jr. Reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2011;51(5):978-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.004
- Maritim AC, Sanders RA, Watkins JB, 3rd. Diabetes, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: A review. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2003;17:24-38. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.10058
- Singh B, Saxena A. Surrogate markers of insulin resistance: A review. World J Diabetes 2010;1:36-47. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v1.i2.36
- Keskin M, Kurtoglu S, Kendirci M, Atabek ME, Yazici C. Homeostasis model assessment is more reliable than the fasting glucose/insulin ratio and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index for assessing insulin resistance among obese children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2005;115:e500-3. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2004-1921
- Recchia A. R-squared measures for two-level hierarchical linear models using sas. Journal of Statistical Software 2010;32:1-9.
- Ragas AM, Oldenkamp R, Preeker NL, Wernicke J, Schlink U. Cumulative risk assessment of chemical exposures in urban environments. Environ Int 2011;37:872-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2011.02.015
- Protano C, Guidotti M, Manini P, Petyx M, La Torre G, Vitali M. Benzene exposure in childhood: role of living environments and assessment of available tools. Environ Int 2010;36:779-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2010.06.003
- Lovreglio P, Barbieri A, Carrieri M, Sabatini L, Fracasso ME, Doria D, Drago I, Basso A, D'Errico MN, Bartolucci GB, Violante FS, Soleo L. Validity of new biomarkers of internal dose for use in the biological monitoring of occupational and environmental exposure to low concentrations of benzene and toluene. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2010;83:341-56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-009-0469-7
- Qu Q, Shore R, Li G, Su L, Jin X, Melikian AA, Roy N, Chen LC, Wirgin I, Cohen B, Yin S, Li Y, Mu R. Biomarkers of benzene: urinary metabolites in relation to individual genotype and personal exposure. Chem Biol Interact 2005;153-154:85-95.
- Manini P, De Palma G, Andreoli R, Poli D, Petyx M, Corradi M, Mutti A, Apostoli P. Biological monitoring of low benzene exposure in italian traffic policemen. Toxicol Lett 2008;181:25-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.06.865
- Fustinoni S, Buratti M, Campo L, Colombi A, Consonni D, Pesatori AC, Bonzini M, Farmer P, Garte S, Valerio F, Merlo DF, Bertazzi PA. Urinary T,Tmuconic acid, S-phenylmercapturic acid and benzene as biomarkers of low benzene exposure. Chem Biol Interact 2005;153-154:253-6.
- Hoet P, De Smedt E, Ferrari M, Imbriani M, Maestri L, Negri S, De Wilde P, Lison D, Haufroid V. Evaluation of urinary biomarkers of exposure to benzene: correlation with blood benzene and influence of confounding factors. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2009;82:985-95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-008-0381-6
- Ruppert T, Scherer G, Tricker AR, Adlkofer F. Trans,Trans-Muconic acid as a biomarker of non-occupational environmental exposure to benzene. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1997;69:247-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004200050143
- Cocco P, Tocco MG, Ibba A, Scano L, Ennas MG, Flore C, Randaccio FS. Trans,Trans-Muconic acid excretion in relation to environmental exposure to benzene. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2003;76:456-60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-002-0413-6
- Tirosh A, Rudich A, Potashnik R, Bashan N. Oxidative stress impairs insulin but not platelet-derived growth factor signalling in 3t3-L1 adipocytes. Biochem J 2001;355:757-63.
- Brownlee M. The pathobiology of diabetic complications: A unifying mechanism. Diabetes 2005;54:1615-25. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.54.6.1615
- Facchini FS, Hua NW, Reaven GM, Stoohs RA. Hyperinsulinemia: The missing link among oxidative stress and age-related diseases? Free Radic Biol Med 2000;29:1302-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(00)00438-X
- Evans JL, Maddux BA, Goldfine ID. The molecular basis for oxidative stress-induced insulin resistance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2005;7:1040-52. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2005.7.1040
- Fridlyand LE, Philipson LH. Reactive species and early manifestation of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2006;8:136-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1326.2005.00496.x
- Houstis N, Rosen ED, Lander ES. Reactive oxygen species have a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance. Nature 2006;440:944-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04634
- Garcia-Bailo B, El-Sohemy A, Haddad PS, Arora P, Benzaied F, Karmali M, Badawi A. Vitamins D, C, and E in the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress. Biologics 2011;5:7-19.
- Henriksen EJ, Diamond-Stanic MK, Marchionne EM. Oxidative stress and the etiology of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Free Radic Biol Med 2011;51:993-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.12.005
- Thiering E, Bruske I, Kratzsch J, Thiery J, Sausenthaler S, Meisinger C, Koletzko S, Bauer CP, Schaaf B, von Berg A, Berdel D, Lehmann I, Herbarth O, Kramer U, Wichmann HE, Heinrich J. Prenatal and postnatal tobacco smoke exposure and development of insulin resistance in 10 year old children. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2011;214(5):361-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.04.004
- Verdina A, Galati R, Falasca G, Ghittori S, Imbriani M, Tomei F, Marcellini L, Zijno A, Vecchio VD. Metabolic polymorphisms and urinary biomarkers in subjects with low benzene exposure. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2001;64:607-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/152873901753246214
- Gobba F, Rovesti S, Borella P, Vivoli R, Caselgrandi E, Vivoli G. Inter-individual variability of benzene metabolism to trans,trans-muconic acid and its implications in the biological monitoring of occupational exposure. Sci Total Environ 1997;199:41-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(97)05480-6