Effect of Schizandra chinensis Extracts on Oxidative Damage

  • Park, Young-Mi (Department of Biological Science, Andong National University) ;
  • Lim, Jae-Hwan (Department of Biological Science, Andong National University) ;
  • Jeong, Hyung-Jin (Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University) ;
  • Seo, Eul-Won (Department of Biological Science, Andong National University)
  • Received : 2011.02.07
  • Accepted : 2011.03.19
  • Published : 2011.03.31

Abstract

In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of supercritical extracts and two step ethanol extracts after supercritical extraction from Schizandra chinensis on antioxidant activities and oxidative DNA and cell damages. Supercritical extracts removed DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryldrazyl) radical by 85.5% at 200 ${\mu}g$/ml, but showed low activities of scavenging and chelating the hydroxyl radical and ferrous iron. However, two step ethanol extracts showed low activities of scavenging the DPPH radical, but removed the hydroxyl radical by 86% at 200 ${\mu}g$/ml. In addition, we tested the activities of extracts for reducing hydroxyl radical-induced DNA and cell damage. Two step ethanol extracts showed protective effect against the oxidative DNA damage by reducing DNA segmentation, inhibiting DNA migration and decreasing the expression of phospho-H2AX. Also, two step ethanol extracts showed protective effect against the oxidative cell damage by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and increasing the expression of p21 protein. Taken together, we suggest that two step ethanol extracts from S. chinensis have a role as useful inhibitors against oxidative damages.

Keywords

References

  1. Barzilai A, Yamamoto K. DNA damage responses to oxidative stress. DNA Repair 2004. 3: 1109-1115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dnarep.2004.03.002
  2. Chan WKM, Decker EA, Lee JB, Butterfield DA. EPR spintrapping studies of the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of carnosine and related dipeptides. J Agric Food Chem. 1994. 42: 1407-1410. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00043a003
  3. Cho ES, Lee KW, Lee HJ. Cocoa procyanidins protect PC12 cells from hydrogen-peroxide-induced apoptosis by inhibiting activation of p38 MAPK and JNK. Mutat Res. 2008. 640: 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.12.012
  4. Choi SI, Lee YM, Heo TR. Screening of hyaluronidase inhibitory and free radical scavenging activity in vitro of traditional herbal medicine extracts. Korean J Biotechnol Bioeng. 2003. 18: 282-288.
  5. Frankel EN. Antioxidants in lipid foods and their impact on food quality. Food Chem. 1996. 57: 51-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(96)00067-2
  6. Gutteridge JMC, Halliwell B. In Antioxidants in mutrition, health, and disease. 1994. pp.1-62. Oxford University Press. NY, USA.
  7. Hsu B, Coupar IM, Ng K. Antioxidant activity of hot water extract from the fruit of the doum palm, Hyphaene thebaica. Food Chem. 2006. 98: 317-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.05.077
  8. Jeong JB, Hong SC, Jeong HJ. 3, 4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde purified from the barley seeds (Hordeum vulgare) inhibits oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis via its antioxidant activity. Phytomedicine 2009. 16: 85-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2008.09.013
  9. Kang KA, Zhang R, Piao MJ, Ko DO, Wang ZH, Kim BJ, Park JW, Kim HS, Kim DH, Hyun JW. Protective effect of irisolidone, a metabolite of kakkalide, against hydrogen peroxide induced cell damage via antioxidant effect. Bioorg Med Chem. 2008. 16: 1133-1141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2007.10.085
  10. Kim CJ, Suh HJ. Antioxidant activities of rhubarb extracts containing phenolic compounds. Korean J Food Culture 2005. 20: 77-85.
  11. Kim JS, Choi SY. Physicochemical properties and antioxidative activities of omija (Schizandra chinensis Bailon). Korean J Food Nutr. 2008. 21: 35-42.
  12. Kim MJ, Park EJ. Antioxidative and antigenotoxic effect of omija (Schizandra chinensis) extracted with various solvents. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2010. 39: 487-493. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.4.487
  13. Kim YG. Antioxidant. 2004. Vol. 99, pp. 179-195. Ryo Moon Gak. Seoul, Korea.
  14. Lee JM, Park HJ. Effects of supplementary diet in iron status and development in infants. Korean J Nutr. 2005. 38: 226-231.
  15. Michieli P, Chedid M, Lin D, Pierce JH, Mercer WE, Givol D. Induction of WAF1/CIP1 by a p53-independent pathway. Cancer Res. 1994. 54: 3391-3395.
  16. Miquel J, Quintanilha AT, Weber H. Handbook of free radicals and antioxidants in biomedicine. 1989. pp. 223-244. CRC Press. NY, USA.
  17. Park C, Kim HJ, Chung KT, Yoon TK, Choi BT, Lee YT, Park DI, Choi YH. Apoptotic cell death by methanol extract of Phellinus linteus-Barley corn in human leukemic U937 cells through induction of p21 and bax, and activation of caspase- 3. Korean J Oriental Physiol Pathol. 2007. 21: 1226-1232.
  18. Park SY, Chin KB. Evaluation of antioxidant activity in pork patties containing bokbunja (Rubus coreanus) extract. Korean J Food Sci Ani Resour. 2007. 27: 432-439. https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2007.27.4.432
  19. Redon C, Pilch D, Rogakou E, Sedelnikova O, Newrock K, Bonner W. Histone H2A variants H2AX and H2AZ. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2002. 12: 162-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-437X(02)00282-4
  20. Rho SN, Oh HS. Effect of omija (Schizandra chinensis Baillon) extracts on the growth of liver cancer cell line SNU398. Korean Nutr. 2002. 35: 201-206.
  21. Smirnoff N, Cumbes QJ. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of compatible solutes. Phytochem. 1989. 28: 1057-1060. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)80182-7
  22. Vuillaume M. Reduced oxygen species, mutation, induction and cancer initiation. Mutat Res. 1987. 186: 43-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1110(87)90014-5
  23. Wiseman H. Dietary influences on membrane function: important in protection against oxidative damage and disease. J Nutr Biochem. 1996. 7: 2-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/0955-2863(95)00152-2