DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

CANDU 사용후핵연료 처분시스템 효율향상 개념 도출

Alternative Concept to Enhance the Disposal Efficiency for CANDU Spent Fuel Disposal System

  • 투고 : 2011.05.27
  • 심사 : 2011.08.29
  • 발행 : 2011.09.30

초록

우리나라에서 운영하는 원자력발전소는 PWR형과 CANDU형 2종류가 있으며, 원자력발전에 의한 지속적인 에너지 공급을 위하여 이들로부터 발생하는 사용후핵연료에 대한 안전관리는 매우 중요한 인자이다. 사용후핵연료 처분을 위한 연구는 1997년부터 시작하여 한국형 사용후핵연료 처분시스템을 개발하였으며, 현재는 개발된 기술에 대한 실증 및 처분시스템의 효율향상을 위한 연구를 진행하고 있다. 또한, PWR형 사용후핵 연료의 경우 사용후핵연료 재활용 공정을 거쳐 원료물질로 다시 사용하는 연구가 진행 중이므로, 이들 공정으로부터 발생하는 고준위폐기물을 처분하는 방안을 강구하고 있다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 PWR형과 CANDU형 사용후핵연료 모두를 직접 처분하는 개념으로 개발한 한국형 사용후핵연료 처분시스템을 바탕으로 CANDU형 사용후핵연료 처분 시스템의 처분효율을 향상시키는 방안을 도출하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여, 한국형 사용후핵연료 처분시스템의 CANDU 사용후핵연료 처분용기를 개선하여 현재 원자력발전소에서 사용하고 있는 사용후핵연료 60 다발(Bundle) 용량의 저장바스켓을 포장 활용하는 개념을 도출하고, 열해석을 통하여 처분시스템 완충재의 온도가 $100^{\circ}C$를 넘지 않도록 하는 요건을 만족하는 처분터널 및 처분공 간격을 정하여 이들에 대한 처분시스템 개념을 도출하였다. 이렇게 설정된 개념들을 단위면적당 열효율, 우라늄밀도(U-density), 처분면적, 굴착량, 완충재 및 폐쇄 물질량 측면에서 분석하여 처분효율이 가장 높은 방안을 제안하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 추후 실제 부지특성자료와 연계하여 PWR 사용후핵연료 재활용공정으로부터 발생한 고준위폐기물 처분시스템과 함께 복합 처분장 설계에 활용될 것이다.

There are two types of nuclear reactors in Korea and they are PWR type and CANDU type. The safe management of the spent fuels from these reactors is very important factor to maintain the sustainable energy supply with nuclear power plant. In Korea, a reference disposal system for the spent fuels has been developed through a study on the direct disposal of the PWR and CANDU spent fuel. Recently, the research on the demonstration and the efficiency analyses of the disposal system has been performed to make the disposal system safer and more economic. PWR spent fuels which include a lot of reusable material can be considered being recycled and a study on the disposal of HLW from this recycling process is being performed. CANDU spent fuels are considered being disposed of directly in deep geological formation, since they have little reusable material. In this study, based on the Korean Reference spent fuel disposal System (KRS) which was to dispose of both PWR type and CANDU type, the more effective CANDU spent fuel disposal systems were developed. To do this, the disposal canister for CANDU spent fuels was modified to hold the storage basket for 60 bundles which is used in nuclear power plant. With these modified disposal canister concepts, the disposal concepts to meet the thermal requirement that the temperature of the buffer materials should not be over $100^{\circ}C$ were developed. These disposal concepts were reviewed and analyzed in terms of disposal effective factors which were thermal effectiveness, U-density, disposal area, excavation volume, material volume etc. and the most effective concept was proposed. The results of this study will be used in the development of various wastes disposal system together with the HLW wastes from the PWR spent fuel recycling process.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. JNC, "H12 Project to Establish Technical Basis for HLW Disposal in Japan, Supporting Report 2-Repository Design & Engineering Technology," Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute, 1999.
  2. H. Hokmark and J. Claesson, "Use of an Analytical Solution for Calculating Temperatures in Repository Host Rock," Engineering Geology Vol. 81, Elsevier Science, 2005.
  3. Kari Ikonen, "Thermal Analyses of Spent Nuclear Fuel Repository," Posiva Oy, POSIVA 2003-4, 2003.
  4. P. Baumgartner, "Technical Implication of Aging Used Fuel Prior to Disposal within a Deep Geologic Repository," Canadian Nuclear Society, WM., Decommissioning and Environmental Restoration for Canada's Nuclear Activities: Current Practices and Future Needs, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, May 8-11, 2005.
  5. J. Y. Lee, H. J. Choi, "Preliminary Conceptual Design of the Korean Reference Repository System for HLW in Vertical Emplacement," KAERI, KAERI/TR-3012/2005, 2005.
  6. J. Y. Lee, D. Cho, H. Choi, J. Choi, "Concept of a Korean Reference Disposal System for Spent Fuels," JNST, Vol. 44, No. 12, 2007.
  7. Svensk Krnbrnslehantering AB, "Final repository for spent fuel in Forsmark basis for decision and reasons for site selection," SKB doc 1221293, June 2009.
  8. Posiva Oy, "Interim Summary Report of the Safety Case," POSIVA 2010-02, 2010.
  9. ANDRA, "Assets of granite formations for deep geological disposal," ANDRA, Dossier 2005 Granite 2005.
  10. ANDRA, "Evaluation of the feasibility of a geological repository in an argillaceous formation Meuse/ Haute-Marne site," ANDRA, Dossier 2005 Argile, 2005.
  11. NUMO, Development of Repository Concepts for Volunteer Siting Environments, Nuclear Waste Management Organization of Japan (NUMO), NUMO-TR-04-03, 2004.
  12. J. W. Choi and C. H. Kang, "Reference Spent Fuel and Its Characteristics for a Deep Geological Repository Concept Development," J. KNS, Vol.31 (6), 1999.
  13. KAERI, "Progress Report on the R&D Program for the Disposal of HLW in Korea," Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 2002.
  14. S. S. Kim, J. W. Choi, K. S. Chun, "Requirements Performance and Design of Container, buffer and Backfill materials for the Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel," KAERI/TR-2628/2003, KAERI, 2003.
  15. H. J. Choi, J. Y. Lee, "Design Requirements for the Korean Reference Repository System of HLW," KAERI, KAERI/TR-3003/2005, 2005.
  16. Svensk Krnbrnslehantering AB, "Buffer and backfill process report for the safety assessment SR-Can," TR-06-18, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. 2006.
  17. J. Y. Lee, S. G. Kim, J. W. Kim, "Analysis of Disposal Tunnel Spacing and Disposal Pit Pitch for the HLW Repository Design," Journal of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society, V. 3, No. 4, 2005.
  18. J. Y. Lee, H. J. Choi, D. G. Cho, "Analysis of the Thermal and Structural Stability for the CANDU Spent Fuel Disposal Canister," Journal of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society, V.6, No. 3, 2008.
  19. D. G. Cho, H. J. Choi, J. W. Choi, "Current status and characterization of CANDU spent fuel for geological disposal system design," Journal of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society, V.6, No. 2, 2008.
  20. SKB, "Programme for research, development and demonstration of methods for the management and disposal of nuclear waste," SKB Technical Report TR-07-12, 2007.
  21. Dassault systems, "Abaqus/CAE 6.10 User's manual," Dassault systems simulia corp., 2010.