Research in Plant Disease (식물병연구)

The Korean Society of Plant Pathology (한국식물병리학회)
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Toxigenic Fungal Contaminants in the 2009-harvested Rice and Its Milling-by products Samples Collected from Rice Processing Complexes in Korea

전국 미곡종합처리장에서 채집한 2009년산 쌀과 가공부산물 시료의 독소생성곰팡이 오염

  • Son, Seung-Wan (Microbial Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Nam, Young-Ju (Microbial Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Seung-Ho (Microbial Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Soo-Min (Microbial Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Soo-Hyung (Microbial Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Mi-Ja (Microbial Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Theresa (Microbial Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Yun, Jong-Chul (Microbial Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Ryu, Jae-Gee (Microbial Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 손승완 (국립농업과학원 유해생물과) ;
  • 남영주 (국립농업과학원 유해생물과) ;
  • 이승호 (국립농업과학원 유해생물과) ;
  • 이수민 (국립농업과학원 유해생물과) ;
  • 이수형 (국립농업과학원 유해생물과) ;
  • 김미자 (국립농업과학원 유해생물과) ;
  • 이데레사 (국립농업과학원 유해생물과) ;
  • 윤종철 (국립농업과학원 유해생물과) ;
  • 류재기 (국립농업과학원 유해생물과)
  • Received : 2011.10.26
  • Accepted : 2011.11.25
  • Published : 2011.12.31
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Abstract

This investigation was undertaken to survey toxigenic fungal contamination of various rice samples in 93 rice processing complexes (RPC) in Korea. Rice was grown in 2009 and the samples were collected in 2010. Seven types of rice samples such as unhusked, brown, blue-tinged, discolored, polished, half-crushed, and rice husks were obtained from each RPC. One-hundred and five grains of each sample were placed on PDA plates after surface disinfection. The incidence of fungal contaminants was 26.8%. Aspergillus spp. was the most dominant fungal contaminants and Fusarium spp. was the most frequently occurred in samples. The heaviest Fusarium contamination was found in unhusked grain, rice husks, and bare blue-tinged rice and followed by colored rice whereas broken rice was the least contaminated. Regional difference of fungal contamination was distinctive. Fusarium incidence in the rice samples from southern region of Korea including Jeolla and Gyeongsang Provinces was higher than those from central region including Chungcheong, Gyeonggi, and Gangwon Provinces. In contrast to Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. were dominated in brown and polished rice samples and their incidences were more severe in central region than southern region. The major contaminants shown more than 1% of kernels infected were Aspergillus (5.0%), Fusarium (2.0%), Alternaria (1.4%), Dreschlera (1.3%), Penicillium spp. (1.3%), and Nigrospora spp. (1.0%). Collectotrichum, Pyricularia, Myrothecium, Epicoccum, Cladosporium, Moniliella, Gloeocercospora, Chaeto- mium, Curvularia, Phialopora, Acremonium, Gliomastix, Trichoderma, Rhizopus, Phomopsis, Paecilomyces, Genicularia, Geotrichum, Acremoniella, Rhizoctonia, Phoma, Oidiodendran, and Candida spp. were among the rest observed at low incidence. The major contaminants of rice samples were well-known as toxigenic fungal genera so toxin producibility of these fungal isolates is necessary to be examined in future. It is also needed to study Myrothecium spp. on species level as it was detected for the first time in rice.

본 연구에서 우리나라 미곡종합처리장의 가공단계별 7종의 쌀 시료에 대한 곰팡이 오염 정도를 조사하였다. 곰팡이독소를 생산하는 곰팡이인 Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Alternaria spp.가 우점하고 있었고, 포장곰팡이인 Fusarium과 Alternaria는 남부지방에 저장곰팡이인 Aspergillus와 Penicillium는 중부지방에 오염이 많았다. 또한 원료벼에서 가공단계가 진전될수록 Fusarium과 Alternaria와 같은 포장곰팡이의 오염 정도는 낮아졌으나 심하게 오염된 전라도 시료에서는 크게 낮아지지 않는 경향을 보였다. Aspergillus와 Penicillium과 같은 저장 곰팡이의 오염 정도는 가공단계가 진전될수록 높은 경향을 보였다. 또한 7종의 쌀 시료에는 총 35종의 곰팡이 속(genus)이 오염되어 있었으며 이 중 Myrothecium spp.는 우리나라 쌀 시료에서 처음으로 검출되었다. 이러한 결과는 우리나라의 주식인 쌀의 수확 후 저장, 가공과정의 곰팡이독소의 오염을 종합적으로 관리하기 위한 기초 자료가 될 것이다.

Keywords

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