DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Mass Production Process for Flour Noodles Containing Perilla Leaves and Their Antioxidant Effects

깻잎 첨가 국수 대량 생산 공정 개발 및 이의 항산화 효과

  • Hyun, Hyo-Eun (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University) ;
  • Lee, Eun-Hwa (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University) ;
  • Noh, Jeong-Sook (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University) ;
  • Song, Yeong-Ok (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University)
  • 현효은 (부산대학교 식품영양학과 및 김치연구소) ;
  • 이은화 (부산대학교 식품영양학과 및 김치연구소) ;
  • 노정숙 (부산대학교 식품영양학과 및 김치연구소) ;
  • 송영옥 (부산대학교 식품영양학과 및 김치연구소)
  • Received : 2011.10.24
  • Accepted : 2011.12.12
  • Published : 2011.12.31

Abstract

This study was evaluated mass production processes for flour noodles containing perilla leaf (FNPL) and to examine the antioxidant properties of FNPL. The processes for perilla leaf preparation before dough making were the main focus. The sensory evaluation was used as a tool to determine the optimal conditions for each step in the process. The appearance, taste, flavor, texture and overall acceptability were evaluated using a 9 point scale sensory evaluation. Eight minutes blanching of perilla leaf in boiling water (1:30, w/v) was found to be a suitable time to remove the unpleasant leaf flavor remaining in the final noodle product when fresh perilla leaf was used. The appearance, taste, texture and overall acceptability of FNPL were significantly different from FNPLs prepared with other blanching times. The appearance of FNPL containing 40% (w/v) perilla leaf homogenates was the best. In the dough making process, additional water was not required when 6 portions of 40% perilla leaf homogenate were added to 10 portions of flour, suggesting that the water adding step in the dough preparation process can be skipped. The antioxidant activity of FNPL was expressed as the radical scavenging activity. The DPPH ($IC_{50}$; 0.56 mg/mL), super oxide radical ($IC_{50}$; 9.53 mg/mL) and hydroxy radical scavenging activities ($IC_{50}$; 169.2 ${\mu}g$/mL) of FNPL were increased 19.6 (p<0.001), 1.4 (p<0.01) and 17.8 fold, respectively, compared to those for flour noodle (p<0.001). In conclusion, perilla leaf added to noodles at a final concentration of 19% (w/w) can increase the sensory and antioxidant properties of flour noodles.

깻잎 부산물(깻잎)의 이용을 증진시키기 위하여 깻잎이 첨가된 기능성 면 대량생산 제조공정을 개발하고, 깻잎 첨가면의 항산화 기능을 유리기 소거능으로 측정하였다. 각 공정별 최적조건 결정은 각 단계별로 제조된 면으로 물 국수를 만들어 외관, 맛, 향, 질감, 기호도에 대해 9점 척도로 관능 평가하였다. 깻잎 데치기 과정은 깻잎 중량 30배의 끓는 물에서 중불로 8분간 깻잎을 데치기 하였을 때 가장 관능평가 결과가 좋았다. 깻잎균질액의 농도는 40%가 가장 적절하였으며 이를 밀가루 중량의 60%(w/w) 첨가하였을 때(최종 농도 19%) 외관, 질감 및 기호도 평가가 다른 조건에 비해 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과에서 만들어진 제조공정에서는 깻잎을 수세하는 과정, 그리고 반죽 시 물을 첨가하는 과정을 단축할 수 있었다. 깻잎첨가면의 DPPH 소거능은 $IC_{50}$ 0.56 mg/mL로 일반면의 11.00 mg/mL에 비해 19.6배 높아졌다(p<0.001). 깻잎첨가면의 superoxide radical 소거능은 $IC_{50}$ 9.53 mg/mL로 일반면의 13.1 mg/mL에 비해 1.4배 높았다(p<0.01). Hydroxyl radical 소거능 역시 $IC_{50}$ 169.2 ${\mu}g$/mL로 일반면의 3 mg/mL에 비해 17.8배 높았다(p<0.001). 이상의 결과로 볼 때 깻잎 첨가에 의해 밀가루면의 관능성과 기능성이 증가되었고, 이는 깻잎에 함유된 페놀화합물 때문으로 생각된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Lee SJ, Lee MA. 2009. Possibility analysis of a rice based bread by analyzing customers' needs of menus for school food service. J Korean Community Nutr 14: 545-555.
  2. Yang HS, Kim CS. 2010. Quality characteristics of rice noodles in Korean market. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 39: 737-744. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.5.737
  3. Park JH, Kim YO, Kug YI, Cho DB, Choi HK. 2003. Effect of green tea powder on noodle properties. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 32: 1021-1025. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2003.32.7.1021
  4. Lee YS, Lim NY, Lee KH. 2000. A study on the preparation and evaluation of dried noodle products made from composite flours utilizing arrowroot starch. Korean J Soc Food Sci 16: 59-66.
  5. Kwak DY, Kim JH, Choi MS, Shin SR, Moon KD. 2002. Effect of hot water extract powder from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed on quality of noodle. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 31: 460-464. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2002.31.3.460
  6. Kim ML. 2006. Antioxidative activity of extracts from Gardenia jasminoides and quality characteristics of noodle added Gardenia jasminoides powder. Korean J Food Cookery Sci 22: 237-243.
  7. Kim HR, Hong JS, Choi JS, Han GJ, Kim TY, Kim SB, Chun HK. 2005. Properties of wet noodle changed by the addition of sanghwang mushroom (Phellinus linteus) powder and extract. Korean J Food Sci Technol 37: 579-583.
  8. Jeong CH, Shim KH, Bae YI, Choi JS. 2008. Quality characteristics of wet noodle added with freeze dried garlic powder. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 37: 1369-1374. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.10.1363
  9. Lee JH, Shim JY. 2006. Characteristics of wheat flour dough and noodles added with onion juice. J Food Engineering Progress 10: 54-59.
  10. Jeon JR, Kim HH, Park GS. 2005. Quality characteristics of noodles prepared with pine needle powder and extract during storage. Korean J Food Cookery Sci 21: 685-692.
  11. Hong JS. 2008. Quality characteristics of sulgidduk with added perilla leaves. J East Asian Soc Dietary Life 18: 376-383.
  12. Choi YH, Han JS. 2001. Vitamin C and mineral contents in perilla leaves by leaf age and storage conditions. Korean J Soc Food Cookery Sci 17: 583-588.
  13. Kim KH, Chang MW, Park KY, Rhee SH, Rhew TH, Sunwoo Y. 1993. Antitumor activity of phytol identified from perilla leaf and its augmentative effect on cellular immune response. Kor J Nutr 26: 379-389.
  14. Ishikura N. 1981. Anthocyanins and flavones in leaves and seeds of perilla plant. Agric Biol Chem 45: 1855-1859. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.45.1855
  15. Kim KH, Chang MW, Park KY. 1993. Antitumor activity of phytol identified from perilla leaf and its augmentate effect on cellular immune response. Kor J Nutr 26: 379-389.
  16. Hong YP, Kim SY, Choi WY. 1986. Postharvest changes in quality and biochemical components of perilla leaves. Korean J Food Sci Technol 18: 255-258.
  17. Hyun KW, Kim JH, Song KJ, Lee JB, Jang JH, Kim YS, Lee JS. 2003. Physiological functionality in Geumsan perilla leaves from greenhouse and field cultivation. Korean J Food Sci Technol 35: 975-979.
  18. Oh SI, Lee MS. 2003. Screening for antioxidative and antimutagenic capacities in 7 common vegetables taken by Korean. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 32: 1344-1350. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2003.32.8.1344
  19. Kim JY, Kim JS, Jung CS, Jin CB, Ryu JH. 2007. Inhibitory activity of nitric oxide synthase and peroxynitrite scavenging activity of extracts of Perilla frutescens. Korean J Pharmacogn 38: 1-24.
  20. Lee KI, Rhee SK, Kim JO, Chung HY, Park KY. 1993. Antimutagenic and antioxidative effects of perilla leaf extracts. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 22: 175-180.
  21. Park KY, Lee KI, Rhee SH. 1992. Inhibitory effect of green, yellow vegetables on the mutagenicity in Salmonella assay system and on the growth of AZ-521 human gastric cancer cells. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 21: 149-153.
  22. Jo MJ, Min KJ. 2007. Antimicrobial activity against oral microbes and growth inhibitory effect of oral tumor cell of extracts of perilla and mugwort. Korean J Env Hlth Soc 33: 115-122. https://doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2007.33.2.115
  23. Lee JK, Kee HJ, Park YK, Rhim JW, Jung ST, Ham KS, Kim IC, Kang SG. 2000. Preparation of noodle with laver powder and its characteristics. Korean J Food Sci Technol 32: 298-305.
  24. Hatano T, Edamatsu R, Hiramatsu M, Mori A, Fujita Y, Yasuhara T, Yoshida T, Okuda R. 1989. Effect of the interaction of tannins with Co-existing substances. VI. Effects of tannins and related polyphenols on superoxide anion radical, and on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical. Chem Pharm Bull 37: 2016-2021. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.37.2016
  25. Candan F, Sokmen S. 2004. Effects of Rhus coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae ) on lipid peroxidation and free radical scavenging activity. Phytother Res 18: 84-86. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1228
  26. Chung SK, Osawa T, Kawakishi S. 1997. Hydroxyl radicalscavenging effects of spices and scavengers from brown mustar (Brassica nigra). Biosci Biotech Biochem 61: 118-123. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.61.118
  27. Cho SH, Cho KR, Kang MS, Song MR, Choo NY. 2008. Food science. 1st ed. Kyomunsa Publisher, Gyeonggi, Korea. p 168-172.
  28. Kim YS, Rhee HS. 1985. The change of chlorophylls in blanched and fermented chinese cabbage. Korean J Soc Food Sci 1: 27-32.
  29. Peng YY, Ye JN, Kong JL. 2005. Determination of phenolic compounds in Perilla frutescens L. by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection. J Agric Food Chem 53: 8141-8147. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf051360e
  30. Xin Z, Song KB, Kim MR. 2004. Antioxidant activity of salad vegetables grown in Korea. J Food Sci Nutr 9: 289-294. https://doi.org/10.3746/jfn.2004.9.4.289

Cited by

  1. Quality and Antioxidant Activity of Wet Noodles Supplemented with Brown Rice and Sorghum Powders vol.43, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2014.43.4.530
  2. Analysis of Functional Components of the Perilla Leaves (Perilla frutescens var. japonica Hara) Grown in Organic and Conventional Conditions vol.49, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2016.49.5.517