DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Quantification of Total Mercury in Antarctic Surface Snow using ICP-SF-MS: Spatial Variation from the Coast to Dome Fuji

  • 투고 : 2011.07.02
  • 심사 : 2011.10.09
  • 발행 : 2011.12.20

초록

The total mercury concentration ($Hg_T$) of surface snow samples collected along a ~1500 km transect in east Queen Maud Land was determined using inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry to address the behavior of Hg on the Antarctic Plateau. Due to the volatile nature of mercury, measures were taken against Hg loss from standard solutions by choosing appropriate container material and stabilizing agents. Glass bottles with Teflon-lined caps were superior to Teflon and polyethylene containers in protecting against Hg loss, but addition of gold chloride ($AuCl_3$) or bromine chloride (BrCl) was necessary to ensure preservation of Hg. As Hg loss was also observed in snowmelt samples, our analysis may underestimate the actual amount of HgT in the snow. Even so, the measured HgT was still very low (< 0.4-10.8 pg $g^{-1}$, n = 44) without a signal of depositional enhancement accompanying photo-oxidation of atmospheric elemental mercury in austral midsummer. Moreover, the dynamic variation along the traverse implies spatial and temporal heterogeneity in its source processes.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Boutron, C. F. Environ. Rev. 1995, 3, 1. https://doi.org/10.1139/a95-001
  2. Schroeder, W. H.; Munthe, J. Atmos. Environ. 1998, 32, 809. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00293-8
  3. Sheppard, D. S.; Patterson, J. E.; McAdam, M. K. Atmos. Environ. 1991, 25, 1657. https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(91)90024-2
  4. Steffen, A.; Douglas, T.; Amyot, M.; Ariya, P.; Aspmo, K.; Berg, T.; Bottenheim, J.; Brooks, S.; Cobbett, F.; Dastoor, A.; Dommergue, A.; Ebinghaus, R.; Ferrari, C.; Gardfeldt, K.; Goodsite, M. E.; Lean, D.; Poulain, A. J.; Scherz, C.; Skov, H.; Sommar, J.; Temme, C. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2008, 8, 1445. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008
  5. Nguyen, H. T.; Kim, K.-H.; Shon, Z.-H.; Hong, S. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 39, 552. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380701764308
  6. Johnson, K. P.; Blum, J. D.; Keeler, G. J.; Douglas, T. A. J. Geophys. Res. 2008, 113, D17304. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009893
  7. Lu, J.; Schroeder, W.; Barrie, L.; Steffen, A.; Welch, H.; Martin, K.; Lockhart, L.; Hunt, R.; Boila, G.; Richter, A. Geophys. Res. Let. 2001, 28, 3219. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012603
  8. Schroeder, W. H.; Anlauf, K. G.; Barrie, L. A.; Lu, J. Y.; Steffen, A.; Schneeberger, D. R.; Berg, T. Nature 1998, 394, 331. https://doi.org/10.1038/28530
  9. Ebinghaus, R.; Kock, H. H.; Temme, C.; Einax, J. W.; Lowe, A. G.; Richter, A.; Burrows, J. P.; Schroeder, W. H. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 1238. https://doi.org/10.1021/es015710z
  10. Lalonde, J. D.; Poulain, A. J.; Amyot, M. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 174. https://doi.org/10.1021/es010786g
  11. Brooks, S.; Arimoto, R.; Lindberg, S.; Southworth, G. Atmos. Environ. 2008, 42, 2877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.05.029
  12. Dommergue, A.; Sprovieri, F.; Pirrone, N.; Ebinghaus, R.; Brooks, S.; Courteaud, J.; Ferrari, C. P. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2010, 10, 3309. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3309-2010
  13. Brooks, S.; Lindberg, S.; Southworth, G.; Arimoto, R. Atmos. Environ. 2008, 42, 2885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.038
  14. Dick, A. L.; Sheppard, D. S.; Patterson, J. E. Atmos. Environ. 1990, 24, 973. https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(90)90299-3
  15. Planchon, F. A. M.; Gabrielli, P.; Gauchard, P. A.; Dommergue, A.; Barbante, C.; Cairns, W. R. L.; Cozzi, G.; Nagorski, S. A.; Ferrari, C. P.; Boutron, C. F.; Capodaglio, G.; Cescon, P.; Varga, A.; Wolff, E. W. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2004, 19, 823. https://doi.org/10.1039/b402711f
  16. Parker, J. L.; Bloom, N. S. Sci. Total Environ. 2005, 337, 253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.07.006
  17. Dommergue, A.; Bahlmann, E.; Ebinghaus, R.; Ferrari, C.; Boutron, C. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2007, 388, 319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1186-2
  18. Hong, S.; Lluberas, A.; Rodriguez, F. Korean J. Polar Res. 2000, 11, 35.
  19. Butler, L. C.; Pearson, G. Mercury Preservation Techniques, US Environmental Protection Agency, 2003, http://www.epa.gov/esd/ tsc/fact-sheets.htm.
  20. Fain, X.; Grangeon, S.; Bahlmann, E.; Fritsche, J.; Obrist, D.; Dommergue, A.; Ferrari, C. P.; Cairns, W.; Ebinghaus, R.; Barbante, C.; Cescon, P.; Boutron, C. J. Geophys. Res. 2007, 112, D21311. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008520
  21. Dommergue, A.; Ferrari, C. P.; Gauchard, P.-A.; Boutron, C. F.; Poissant, L.; Pilote, M.; Jitaru, P.; Adams, F. C. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2003, 30, 1621. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL017308
  22. Lindberg, S. E.; Brooks, S.; Lin, C. J.; Scott, K. J.; Landis, M. S.; Stevens, R. K.; Goodsite, M.; Richter, A. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 1245. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0111941
  23. Poulain, A. J.; Garcia, E.; Amyot, M.; Campbell, P. G. C.; Ariya, P. A. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2007, 71, 3419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.05.006
  24. Hara, K.; Osada, K.; Kido, M.; Hayashi, M.; Matsunaga, K.; Iwasaka, Y.; Yamanouchi, T.; Hashida, G.; Fukatsu, T. J. Geophys. Res. 2004, 109, D20208. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004713
  25. Suzuki, T.; Iizuka, Y.; Matsuoka, K.; Furukawa, T.; Kamiyama, K.; Watanabe, O. Tellus B 2002, 54, 407. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0870.2002.00243.x
  26. Swain, M. R.; Gallée, H. Pub. Astron. Soc. Pacific 2006, 118, 1190. https://doi.org/10.1086/507153
  27. Takato, N.; Ichikawa, T.; Uraguchi, F.; Lundock, R.; Murata, C.; Taniguchi, Y.; Motoyama, H.; Fukui, K.; Taguchi, M. Eur. Astron. Soc. Pub. Series 2008, 33, 271.
  28. Kameda, T.; Motoyama, H.; Fujita, S.; Takahashi, S. J. Glaciol. 2008, 54, 107. https://doi.org/10.3189/002214308784409062
  29. Ferrari, C. P.; Padova, C.; Fa, X.; Gauchard, P.-A.; Dommergue, A.; Aspmo, K.; Berg, T.; Cairns, W.; Barbante, C.; Cescon, P.; Kaleschke, L.; Richter, A.; Wittrock, F.; Boutron, C. Sci. Total Environ. 2008, 397, 167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.01.064
  30. Ferrari, C. P.; Gauchard, P.-A.; Aspmo, K.; Dommergue, A.; Magand, O.; Bahlmann, E.; Nagorski, S.; Temme, C.; Ebinghaus, R.; Steffen, A.; Banic, C.; Berg, T.; Planchon, F.; Barbante, C.; Cescon, P.; Boutron, C. F. Atmos. Environ. 2005, 39, 7633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.06.058
  31. Lalonde, J. D.; Amyot, M.; Doyon, M.-R.; Auclair, J.-C. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108, 4200. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001534
  32. Poulain, A. J.; Lalonde, J. D.; Amyot, M.; Shead, J. A.; Raofie, F.; Ariya, P. A. Atmos. Environ. 2004, 38, 6763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.09.013
  33. King, M. D.; Simpson, W. R. J. Geophys. Res. 2001, 106, 12499. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD900006
  34. Warren, S.; Brandt, R.; Grenfell, T. Appl. Opt. 2006, 45, 5320. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.45.005320
  35. Sherman, L. S.; Blum, J. D.; Johnson, K. P.; Keeler, G. J.; Barres, J. A.; Douglas, T. A. Nat. Geosci. 2010, 3, 173. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo758
  36. Jitaru, P.; Gabrielli, P.; Marteel, A.; Plane, J. M. C.; Planchon, F. A. M.; Gauchard, P. A.; Ferrari, C. P.; Boutron, C. F.; Adams, F. C.; Hong, S.; Cescon, P.; Barbante, C. Nat. Geosci. 2009, 2, 505. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo549
  37. Witherow, R. A.; Lyons, W. B. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 4710. https://doi.org/10.1021/es800022g
  38. Vandal, G. M.; Fitzgerald, W. F.; Boutron, C. F.; Candelone, J. P. In Ice Core Studies of Global Biogeochemical Cycles; Delmas, R. J., Ed.; Springer-Verlag: Berlin, Germany, 1995; p 401.

피인용 문헌

  1. Atomic spectrometry update. Environmental analysis vol.28, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ja90077g
  2. Spatial and temporal variations of total mercury in Antarctic snow along the transect from Zhongshan Station to Dome A vol.66, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v66.25152
  3. Multi-year record of atmospheric mercury at Dumont d'Urville, East Antarctic coast: continental outflow and oceanic influences vol.16, pp.13, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8265-2016