Optimization of Fermentation Process for Acetic Acid Production

초산 생성을 위한 발효공정의 최적화

  • Shin, Jin-A (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University) ;
  • Oh, Nam-Soon (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University)
  • Received : 2010.04.19
  • Accepted : 2010.07.07
  • Published : 2010.08.30

Abstract

Various conditions of acetic acid fermentation by Acetobacter aceti B20 strain were investigated and evaluated to optimize the fermentative production of acetic acid. The effects of the initial ethanol concentration on growth and acid productivity in a flask and fermentor were also studied. The growth of A. aceti B20 strain was inhibited as the concentration of ethanol increased. However, the highest total acidity and fermentation yield were 5.34% and 56.1%, respectively when the initial concentration of ethanol was 7% in the batch fermentation. Although the concentration of initial glucose influenced the growth rate of B20 strain, it did not influence the total acidity in the flask culture. When the agitation speed increased, the growth, total acidity and fermentation yield were all improved. In fed-batch fermentation, total acidities and fermentation yields were 7.14-8.76% and 39.1-53.0%, respectively, and their values mostly depended on the feeding methods.

플라스크 실험과 fermentor 발효실험으로 분리균주인 Acetobacter aceti B20 균주의 초산발효를 위한 몇가지 조건을 최적화하였다. 통기교반 조건이 제한된 flask 실험에서 B20 균주의 생육은 에탄올 농도에 민감하게 반응하여 4%의 에탄올 농도에서는 거의 생육이 되지 않았으며, 초산 생성량도 미미하였다. Flask 배양에서 B20 균주의 생육은 포도당 농도가 3%일 때 가장 좋았으나 농도가 증가할 수록 생육이 저해되었다. ${27^{\circ}C}$${30^{\circ}C}$의 온도에서 A. aceti B20 균주의 생육과 초산생성은 유사하였으며, 이보다 낮거나 높은 온도에서는 생육과 초산 생성이 모두 저하되었다. B20 균주의 최적 발효온도는 $27{\pm}3^{\circ}C$ 범위로 생각된다. Fermentor의 교반속도가 높아질수록 B20 균주의 생육도와 초산생성량이 증가하여 500 rpm일 때 초산농도 5.34%, 발효수율은 57.2%이었다. Batch식 발효에서 초기 에탄올 농도가 7%일 때 발효 120시간째 산도가 5.34%로 가장 높았으며, 이 때의 발효수율은 56.1%로 가장 양호하였다. Fedbatch식 발효에서 초산농도는 2회 feeding할 때 144시간째 8.76%로 최고에 도달하였으며, 이 때 발효수율은 50.6%로 feeding 횟수가 증가할수록 낮게 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ha YD, Kim KS. 2000. Civilization history of vinegar. Food Ind. Nutr. 5: 1-6.
  2. Gullo M., Guidici P. 2008. Acetic acid bacteria in traditional balsamic vinegar: Phenotypic traits relevant for starter cultures selection. Intl. J. Food Microbiol. 125: 46-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.11.076
  3. Jeoung YJ, Lee MH. 2000. A view and prospect of vinegar industry. Food Ind. Nutr. 5: 7-12.
  4. Kang SK, Jang MJ, Kim YD. 2006. Isolation and culture conditions of Acetobacter sp. for the production of citron(Citrus junos) vinegar. Korean J. Food Preserv. 13: 357-362.
  5. Kim DH. 1999. Studies on the production of vinegar from fig. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 28(1): 53-60.
  6. Kim ML, Choi KH. 2005. Sensory characteristics of citrus vinegar fermented by Gluconacetobacter hansenii CV1. Korean J. Food Cookery Sci. 21(2): 243-249.
  7. Kim SD, Jang KS, Kim MK. 1994. Fermentation of apple vinegar in the farmhouse. J. the East Asian Soc. Diet. Life 4: 75-86.
  8. Kim YD, Kang SH, Kang SG. 1996. Studies on the acetic acid fermentation using maesil juice. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 25(4): 695-700.
  9. Lee YC, Lee GY, Kim HC, Park KB, Yoo YJ, Ahn PU, Choi CU, Son SH. 1992. Production of high acetic acid vinegar using two stage fermentation. Korean J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 20: 663-667.
  10. Lee YC, Park MS, Kim HC, Park KB, Yoo YJ, Ahn IK, Son SH. 1993. Production of high acetic acid vinegar by single stage fedbatch culture. Korean J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 21: 511-512.
  11. Nishiwaki A. 1997. Analysis of a two-stage fermentor with cell recycling for continuous acetic acid production. J. Ferment. Bioeng. 83: 565-570. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0922-338X(97)81138-5
  12. Oh YJ. 1992. A study on cultural conditions for acetic acid production employing pear juice. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 21(4): 377-380.
  13. Park KS, Chang DS, Jho HR, Park UY. 1994. Investigation of the cultural characteristics high concentration ethanol resistant Acetobacter sp. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 23(4): 666-670.
  14. Park KS, Lee MS, Mok JS, Chang DS. 1994. Investigation of the condition of acetic acid fermentation with high concentration ethanol resistant Acetobacter sp. FM-10. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 23: 845-848.
  15. Shin JS, Jeong YJ. 2003. Changes in the components of acetic acid fermentation of brown rice using raw starch digesting enzyme. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 32(3): 381-387. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2003.32.3.381
  16. Woo SM, Jang SY, Kim OM, Youn KS, Jeong YJ. 2004. Antimicrobial effects of vinegar on the harmful food-born organisms. Korean J. Food Preserv. 11: 117-121.