Risk Factors and Clinical Evaluation of Superficial Femoral Artery Stent Fracture: Prot$\acute{e}$g$\acute{e}$ GPS Stent

천대퇴동맥 스텐트 골절 발생의 위험요인 및 임상적 연구: Prot$\acute{e}$g$\acute{e}$ GPS 스텐트

  • Lee, Da-Un (Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University, Medical School) ;
  • Kim, Jae-Kyu (Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University, Medical School) ;
  • Jung, Hye-Doo (Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University, Medical School) ;
  • Huh, Tae-Wook (Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University, Medical School) ;
  • Yim, Nam-Yeol (Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University, Medical School) ;
  • Oh, Hyun-Jun (Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University, Medical School) ;
  • Chang, Nam-Kyu (Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, Medical School) ;
  • Choi, Soo-Jin-Na (Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University, Medical School)
  • 이다운 (전남대학교 의과대학 영상의학교실) ;
  • 김재규 (전남대학교 의과대학 영상의학교실) ;
  • 정혜두 (전남대학교 의과대학 영상의학교실) ;
  • 허태욱 (전남대학교 의과대학 영상의학교실) ;
  • 임남열 (전남대학교 의과대학 영상의학교실) ;
  • 오현준 (전남대학교 의과대학 영상의학교실) ;
  • 장남규 (화순전남대학교병원 영상의학교실) ;
  • 최수진나 (전남대학교 의과대학 외과학교실)
  • Received : 2010.04.26
  • Accepted : 2010.08.02
  • Published : 2010.12.01

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the occurrence of superficial femoral artery stent fractures, the risk factors of stent fracture, and the relationship between fractures and clinical findings. Materials and Methods: Of the 38 patients who underwent treatment with Prot$\acute{e}$g$\acute{e}$ GPS stenting due to arterial occlusions on the superficial femoral artery, 17 also underwent a clinical analysis. Forty-three stents were inserted in the 17 superficial femoral arteries, ranging between 15 and 50 cm in length, with a mean treated length of 26.4 cm (15-50 cm). A fracture was evaluated by taking a PA and lateral simple radiography, as well as a follow-up evaluation accompanied with a CT angiography, DSA, and a color Doppler sonography. The examination involved the assessment of the difference between bone fractures due to length, placement, and frequency. Results: Fractures occurred in 13 of 43 stents (30.2%). A total of 10 (71.4%) occurred in the upper third, compared to 4 (28.6%) in the lower third of the superficial femoral artery. In addition, 10 stents (71.4%) had a single strut fracture, whereas 4 (28.6%) had multiple strut fractures. A stent fracture occurred more frequently when the stents and lesions were longer (p=0.021, 0.012) and the stents were inserted near the joint. However, there was no significant relationship between stent numbers and the fractures (p=0.126). When the stents were inserted along the popliteal artery, a stent fracture occurred more frequently in the lower third of the artery. The stent fractures did not significantly influence the patency rate of the stented artery (p=0.44) Conclusion: Prot$\acute{e}$g$\acute{e}$ GPS stents in the superficial femoral artery revealed a considerable number of fractures and the fracture frequency showed a significant relationship with the length of stents and lesions. The closer stent insertion was to the joints, the more frequently fractures occurred. There were no evident significant relationships between the presence of stent fractures and the patency of the stented arteries.

목적: 천대퇴동맥 스텐트(Prot$\acute{e}$g$\acute{e}$ GPS) 골절의 발생빈도를 평가하고, 스텐트 골절과 원인 인자 및 임상 양상의 연관성에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 천대퇴동맥에 발생한 동맥경화성 폐쇄 또는 협착을 Prot$\acute{e}$g$\acute{e}$ GPS 스텐트 삽입으로 치료하였던 환자 38명 중 스텐트 모양의 추적관찰이 가능하였던 17 명을 대상으로 하였다(남자 15명, 여자 2명, 평균연령 72.8세). 총 17개의 천대퇴동맥에 43개의 스텐트가 삽입되었고, 병변의 평균 길이는 약 26.4 cm (15-50 cm) 이었다. 시술에 사용되었던 혈관 조영기기를 이용하여 전후, 측면 단순 영상을 획득 후 골절을 평가하였으며, 동시에 색 도플러 초음파, 카테터혈관조영술 또는 CT혈관조영술을 이용하여 스텐트 내부 혈류를 평가하였다. 스텐트의 길이, 위치 및 수 등에 따른 골절 발생률의 차이를 분석하였으며 골절과 개통률의 차이도 알아보고자 하였다. 결과: 스텐트의 골절은 43개의 스텐트 중 14개(30.2%)에서 발생하였다. 10개의 스텐트(71.4%)가 천대퇴동맥의 상부 1/3, 4개의 스텐트(28.6%)가 하부 1/3에서 골절이 발생하였다. 단일 strut 골절이 10예(71.4%), 2개 이상의 strut 골절이 4예(28.6%) 있었다. 병변 및 삽입된 스텐트의 길이가 길수록 스텐트 골절의 발생빈도가 높았다(각각 p=0.021, 0.012). 관절과 가까이 스텐트가 삽입될수록 골절 발생빈도가 높았으며 오금동맥까지 연장하여 스텐트가 삽입될수록 하부 1/3에 골절이 잘 발생하였다(hip joint; p=0.01, knee joint: 0.029, insertion in popliteal a.: 0.015). 스텐트 개수와 골절간의 유의한 상관관계는 보이지 않았으며(p=0.126), 골절 여부에 따른 혈관 개통률은 의의 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다(p=0.44). 결론: 천대퇴동맥에 삽입했던 Prot$\acute{e}$g$\acute{e}$ GPS 스텐트는 추적기간에 비교적 많은 골절이 발생하였고, 병변과 스텐트의 길이 및 관절과의 거리와 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 골절 여부와 개통률 사이에 의미 있는 관계는 없었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Chung SK, Kim JK, Yoon W, Kim J, Park JG, Kang HG, et al. Metallic stent implantation in patients with iliac artery occlusion: long term patency rate and factors related recurrence. J Korean Radiol Soc 2003;49:173-179 https://doi.org/10.3348/jkrs.2003.49.3.173
  2. Lugmayr HF, Holzer H, Kastner M, Riedelsberger H, Auterith A. Treatment of complex arteriosclerotic lesions with nitinol stents in the superficial femoral and popliteal arteries: a midterm follow-up. Radiology 2002;222:37-43 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2221010268
  3. Jahnke T, Voshage G, Muller-Hulsbeck S, Grimm J, Heller M, Brossmann J. Endovascular placement of self-expanding nitinol coil stents for the treatment of femoropopliteal obstructive disease. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2002;13:257-266 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1051-0443(07)61718-7
  4. Vogel TR, Shindelman LE, Nackman GB, Graham AM. Efficacious use of nitinol stents in the femoral and popliteal arteries. J Vasc Surg 2003;38:1178-1184 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2003.09.011
  5. Ruef J, Hofmann M, Haase J. Endovascular interventions in iliac and infrainguinal occlusive artery disease. J Interven Cardiol 2004; 17:427-435 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8183.2004.04086.x
  6. Dorrucci V. Treatment of superficial femoral artery occlusive disease. J Cardiovasc Surg 2004;45:193-201
  7. Allie DE, Hebert CJ, Walker CM, Nitinol stent fracture in the SFA. Endovascular Today 2004;(7):22-34
  8. Schlager O, Dick P, Sabeti S, Amighi J, Mlekusch W, Minar E, et al. Long-segment SFA stenting-the dark sides: in-stent restenosis, clinical deterioration, and stent fractures. J Endovasc Ther 2005; 12:676-684 https://doi.org/10.1583/05-1672.1
  9. Duda SH, Pusich B, Richter G, Landwehr P, Oliva VL, Tielbeek A, et al. Sirolimus-eluting stents for the treatment of obstructive superficial femoral artery disease: six-month results. Circulation 2002;106:1505-1509 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000029746.10018.36
  10. Kim SK, Yang JS, Han JH, Chang NK, Yim NY, Yoon W, et al. Endovascular stent placement for the treatment of superficial femoral artery stenoses and occlusions. J Korean Radiol Soc 2008;58:365-373 https://doi.org/10.3348/jkrs.2008.58.4.365
  11. Scheinert D, Scheinert S, Sax J, Piorkowski C, Braunlich S, Ulrich M, et al. Prevalence and clinical impact of stent fractures after femoropopliteal stenting. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:312-315 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2004.11.026
  12. Ansel GM. Are stent fractures significant? Endovascular Today 2006;(11):45-52
  13. Ansel GM. Clinical significance of stent fractures, Endovascular Today 2006;(5):37-40