Germination Characteristics and Daily Seed Germinating Pattern in New Varieties of the Third Generation of Creeping Bentgrass Under ISTA Conditions

ISTA 생육환경에서 제3세대 크리핑 벤트그래스 신품종의 발아특성 및 일일 발아패턴

  • Kim, Kyoung-Nam (Dept. of Horticulture, College of Science and Technology, Sahmyook University) ;
  • Cho, Chi-Uong (Dept. of Horticulture, College of Science and Technology, Sahmyook University) ;
  • Bae, Yoon-Hwan (Dept. of Life Science, College of National Sciences, Daejin University) ;
  • Park, So-Hyang (Dept. of Horticulture, Graduate School, Sahmyook University)
  • 김경남 (삼육대학교 과학기술대학 원예학과) ;
  • 조치웅 (삼육대학교 과학기술대학 원예학과) ;
  • 배윤환 (대진대학교 자연과학대학 생명과학과) ;
  • 박소향 (삼육대학교 대학원 원예학과)
  • Received : 2010.04.29
  • Accepted : 2010.07.01
  • Published : 2010.08.30

Abstract

Research was initiated to investigate germination characteristics and germination pattern of creeping bentgrass (CB, Agrostis palustris Huds.). Seven varieties of CB were evaluated in the study. An alternative condition for a CB germination test required by International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) was applied in the experiment, consisting of 8-hr light at $25^{\circ}C$ and 16-hr dark at $15^{\circ}C$ (ISTA conditions). Daily and cumulative germination patterns were measured and analyzed on a daily basis. Significant differences were observed in germination pattern, days to the first germination, days to 50% germination, days to 85% germination, and germination percentage. Germination rates were different among the treatments at the end of study. There were significantly considerable variations in early germination characteristics and germination pattern among CB varieties. The first germination in all entries was initiated between 4 and 5 DAS (days after seeding) under ISTA conditions. Generally, the first germination percentage was 5 to 25%. However, such Penn-series varieties as Penn A-1, Penn A-4 and Penncross were much more vigorous over others, resulting in 50 to 75% in the first germination percentage. It took 4 to 10 DAS in reaching to days to the 50% germination, being 5 days in difference among the varieties. Days to the 85% germination were 5.90 to 11.75 DAS under ISTA conditions, being 5.85 days in variety difference. It means 1 to 2 days after days to 50% germination. Penn A-1 was the fastest variety, while T-1 the slowest one. Considering days to the first germination, days to 85% germination, and germination pattern etc, Penn A-1, Penn A-4, Penncross and L-93 were regarded as excellent varieties under ISTA conditions. From this study, in-depth information on germination characteristics and pattern would be usefully applied for golf course design and construction, when established with CB.

Keywords

References

  1. 김경남. 1997. 골프장 퍼팅 그린 잔디개발 100년 및 21세기형 품종 고찰. 원예학세계 2(1) : 18-24.
  2. 김경남. 2001. 골프장 피팅 그린용 벤트그래스 개발 현황 및 제3세대 신품종 특성 고찰. 2004년 골프장 관리장비, 기자재 전시회 및 학술세미나. pp.151-171.
  3. 김경남. 2005. STM 총서 I-잔디학개론. 서울 : 삼육대학교 출판부.
  4. 김경남. 2007. STM 총서 III-잔디조성론. 서울 : 삼육대학교 출판부.
  5. 김경남. 2008. ISTA 생육환경 조건에서 광엽형톨 훼스큐의 발아특성 및 일일 발아패턴. 삼육대학교 자연과학논문집 12(2) : 25-36.
  6. 김경남․남상용. 2003. 생육환경에 따라 Poa pratensis L., Lolium perenne L. 및 Festuca arudinacea Schreb.의 초종 및 품종별 발아세, 발아속도 및 발아율 비교. 한국잔디학회지 17(1) : 1-12.
  7. 김경남․정기완. 2008. 생장환경에 따른 제3세대 크리핑 벤트그래스 신품종의 종자 발아력, 초기 발아 특성, 발아세 및 발아 피크 기간비교. 한국환경복원녹화기술학회지 11(5) : 79-91.
  8. 김경남․정기완. 2009. ISTA 변온 조건에서 퍼레니얼 라이그래스 신품종 8종류의 발아특성 및 일일 발아패턴. 한국환경복원녹화기술학회지 12(3) : 72-82.
  9. 이형석․홍범석․김경덕․태현숙. 2007. 봄철 크리핑 벤트그래스의 품종별 특성 비교. 한국잔디학회지 21(2) : 155-161.
  10. 이혜원․정대영․심상렬. 2003. 크리핑 벤트그래스 품종의 생육특성. 한국잔디학회지 17(2, 3) : 87-97.
  11. 태현숙․이형석․안길만․김종보. 2006. 하절기 크리핑 벤트그래스의 품종별 특성 비교. 한국잔디학회지 20(2) : 147-156.
  12. Alderson, J., and W. C. Sharp. 1995. Grass varieties in the United States-United States Department of Agriculture, CRC Press, Inc., New York, NY, USA.
  13. Anonymous. 1964. Rules for testing seeds. Proceedings of the Association of Official Seed Analysts, 54(2) : 1-112.
  14. Anonymous. 1996. The New Penn Pals. Tee-2-Green Corp. Technical publication : 96-01NPP. Tee-2-Green Corporation, Hubbard, OR, USA.
  15. Anonymous. 1997. The superintendent's guide to better creeping bentgrass greens. Seed Research of Oregon, Inc., Corvalis, OR, USA.
  16. Anonymous. 1998. Penn Pals Portfolio. Tee-2-Green Corp. Technical publication : 88-10-PPC. Tee-2-Green Corporation, Hubbard, OR, USA.
  17. Beard, J. B. 1973. Turfgrass science and culture. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA.
  18. Brauen, S. E., R. L. Goss and A. D. Brede. 1993. Registration of 'Putter' creeping bentgrass. Crop Sci. 33 : 1100.
  19. Brilman, L. A. 2008. Classification of creeping bentgrass cultivars. Golf Course Management, 76(5) : 80.
  20. Duich, J. M. 1988. Pennlinks creeping bentgrass. Tee-2-Green Corp. Technical publication : 88-02-PL. Tee-2-Green Corporation, Hubbard, OR, USA.
  21. Engelke, M. C., V. G. Lehman, C. Mayes, P. F. Colbaugh, J. A. Reinert and W. E. Knoop. 1994. Registration of 'Cato' creeping bentgrass. Crop Sci. 35 : 589-590.
  22. Engelke, M. C., V. G. Lehman, W. R. Kneebone, P. F. Colbaugh, J. A. Reinert and W. E. Knoop. 1995. Registration of 'Crenshaw' creeping bentgrass. Crop Sci. 35 : 589.
  23. Ferguson, M. H. 1969. Putting greens. Agron. Monogr. 14 : 562-583. In A.A. Hanson and F.V. Juska (ed.), Turfgrass science. ASA, Madison, WI, USA.
  24. Hanson, A. A., F. V. Juska and G. W. Burton. 1969. Species and varieties. Agron. Monogr. 14 : 370-409. In A.A. Hanson and F.V. Juska (ed.), Turfgrass science. ASA, Madison, WI, USA.
  25. Hurley, R. H., V. G. Lehman, J. A. Murphy and C. R. Funk. 1994. Registration of 'Southshore' creeping bentgrass. Crop Sci. 34 : 1124-1125. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1994.0011183X003400040056x
  26. NTEP. 2002. On-site evaluation of creeping bentgrass for putting greens-Final report 1998-2001. NTEP No. 02-11, National Turfgrass Federation, Inc., Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA.
  27. Robinson, M. F., L. A. Brilman and W. R. Kneebone. 1991. Registration of 'SR1020' creeping bentgrass. Crop Sci. 31 : 1702-1703. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1991.0011183X003100060072x
  28. SAS Institute, Inc. 1990. SAS/STAT User's guide, Version 6 4th ed., SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
  29. Skogley, C. R., M. F. Robinson and L. A. Brilman. 1991. Registration of 'Providence' creeping bentgrass. Crop Sci. 31 : 1701-1702.
  30. The Lawn Institute. 1991. Seed. LISTS 69-112. In E.C. Roberts and B.C. Roberts (ed.), Lawn institute special topic sheets, Tennessee Cumberland Printing Corp., Crossville, TN, USA.
  31. Turgeon, A. J. 2005. Turfgrass management. 7th ed., Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA.
  32. Warnke, S. 2003. Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) pp. 175-185. In M. D. Casler, A. A. and R. R. Duncan (ed.), Turfgrass biology, genetics, and breeding. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA.
  33. Watschke, T. L., and R. E. Schmidt. 1992. Ecological aspects of turf communities. Agron. Monogr. 32 : 129-174. In D.V. Waddington, R. N. Carrow and R. C. Shearman. (ed.), Turfgrass. ASA-CSSA-SSSA, Madison, WI, USA.