대한지리학회지 (Journal of the Korean Geographical Society)

대한지리학회 (The Korean Geographical Society)
권호 표지

행위자-연결망 이론을 통한 과학과 자연의 재해석

Re-understanding of Technoscience and Nature through Actor-Network Theory

  • 투고 : 2010.06.07
  • 심사 : 2010.07.23
  • 발행 : 2010.08.31
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⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

생명공학에 의한 유전자 변형 동식물체의 생산, 생물 다양성 감소, 기후변화, 핵 폐기장 문제 등 현대 사회의 복잡 다단한 여러 환경 이슈는 단순히 과학의 문제로, 사회의 문제로 환원시킬 수 없기 때문에 기존의 자연-사회를 바라보는 이분법적 사고만으로는 충분히 설명하기 어렵다. 이러한 문제의식을 갖고 본 논문은 서구 사상에 뿌리깊이 내재된 이분법적 사고가 과학관에 어떻게 투영이 되었고, 또 자연관에는 어떻게 이어져 내려오고, 이것이 최근에는 어떻게 극복되고 있는지, 이러한 대안으로 과학기술 연구에서 발전한 라투르(Latour)의 행위자-연결망 이론이 환경문제를 비롯한 과학-자연-사회 연구에 어떤 의미가 있을지 시론적 수준에서 고찰해 보았다. 행위자-연결망 이론은 인간과 비인간의 이질적 집합체에 초점을 둠으로써 과학뿐만 아니라 우리 사회를 구성하는 생물체, 정치, 기술, 시장, 가치, 윤리, 사실들의"이상한 혼종물"을 종합적으로 이해하는데 적합하고, 현대사회의 복잡한 환경생태 문제에 유용한 새로운 분석틀을 제공할 것으로 보인다.

Recent environmental issues such as genetically modified organisms, the loss of biodiversity, climate change, and nuclear waste cannot be reduced to a matter of science or society and explained through nature-society dualist approaches because of their complexity and heterogeneity. This paper examines how nature-society dualism has been embedded in science studies and geography and how this dualism can be overcome. Actor-Network Theory as an attempt to overcome this nature-society dualism is appropriate in analysing "strange imbriglio" of biology, politics, technoscience, market, value, ethics and facts that constitute our society by focusing on heterogeneous association, and can contribute to providing a useful framework to solve environmental problems.

키워드

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