한국환경생태학회지 (Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology)

  • 제24권3호
  • /
  • Pages.227-234
  • /
  • 2010
  • /
  • 1229-3857(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2288-131X(eISSN)
한국환경생태학회 (Korean Society of Environment and Ecology)
권호 표지

6년 동안의 야생조류 변화와 기온과의 관계연구 - 월드컵공원을 대상으로 -

Relationship between the Distribution of Wildbirds and Temperature for Six Years - A Case Study of Worldcup Park in Seoul, Korea -

  • 김지석 ((주)기술사사무소 LET 부설 에코플랜연구센터) ;
  • 한봉호 (서울시립대학교 도시과학대학 조경학과) ;
  • 곽정인 (서울시립대학교 대학원 조경학과)
  • Kim, Ji-Seok (Ecoplan Research Center) ;
  • Han, Bong-Ho (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, College of Urban Sciences, Univ. of Seoul) ;
  • Kwak, Jeong-In (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Graduate School, Univ. of Seoul)
  • 투고 : 2009.09.09
  • 심사 : 2010.04.24
  • 발행 : 2010.06.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

도시의 기온 변화에 따른 야생조류 종의 변화를 파악하기 위하여 월드컵공원을 대상으로 2003년부터 2008년까지 22회에 걸쳐 계절별 야생조류 출현현황을 조사하였으며 서울시 기온과의 관계를 분석하였다. 6년 동안 월드컵공원에서 출현한 야생조류는 총 15목 38과 102종이었다. 6년간 시간의 흐름과 통계적으로 유의미한 관계를 보인 야생조류는 직박구리였으며 점점 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 서울시의 계절별 평균기온과 야생조류 종과의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 출현종 중 30% 이상의 출현빈도를 보인 31종을 대상으로 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 회귀분석결과 31종 중 7종이 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 까치, 쇠박새, 흰뺨검둥오리, 청둥오리, 말똥가리 5종은 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보여 지구온난화에 따른 기온 상승이 지속된다면 개체수가 감소하거나 서식지 이동 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 반면에 황조롱이와 꾀꼬리 2종은 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보여 기온 상승에 따른 개체수 증가로 서식지 확대 가능성이 있었다. 이러한 결과로 향후 지구온난화에 따른 온도 상승이 야생조류 종 구성 변화에 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단할 수 있었으며, 기온과 상관관계가 있는 7종의 야생조류는 기온 상승에 따른 서식지 변화 가능성이 높아 기후 변화에 따른 지표종이 될 가능성이 있었다.

To see the influence of bird species by the change of temperature in city, we have carried out bird census 22 times for 6 years from 2003 to 2008 in Worldcup Park, Seoul. And we analysed the correlation between the temperature of Seoul and wildbirds. 15 orders, 38 families and 102 species were confirmed to have existed. We could find that Hypsipetes amaurotis gradually turned out to have increased with statistical significance for 6 years. To analyze the relationship between the temperature of Seoul and wildbirds, we have chosen 31 bird species observed more than 30% in frequency and proceeded the regression analysis. The survey shows that with the temperature rise the number of the resident birds such as Pica pica, Parus palustris, Anas platyrhynchos and Anas poecilorhyncha and the migratory birds such as Buteo buteo has declined. These 5 species have a possibility to be decreased as a global climate warming and maybe move to another habitat. In contrast, Oriolus chinensis and Falco tinnunculus are characterized into the species that increased due to the rising temperature. So they have a posibility to increase and expand their habitat. This survey shows that temperature rise can cause to change the composition of bird species. And 7 bird species related with the change of temperature have a great possibility as a indicator of the climate change.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Bibby, C. J., N. D. Burgess and D. A. Hill(1997) Bird Census Techniques. Academic Press, 257pp.
  2. Blackburn, T.M. and R.P. Duncan(2001) Determinants of establishment success in introduced birds. Nature 414: 195-197. https://doi.org/10.1038/35102557
  3. Curtis, J.T. and R.P. McIntosh(1951) An Upland Forest Continuum in the Prairie-Forest Border Region of Wisconsin. Ecology 32(3): 476-496. https://doi.org/10.2307/1931725
  4. Donald, P.F., R.E. Green and M.F. Heath(2001) Agricultural intensification and the collapse of Europe's farmland bird populations. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 26: 25-29.
  5. Duncan, R.P., T.M. Blackburn and D. Sol.(2003) The ecology of bird introductions. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 34: 71-98. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132353
  6. Forchhammer, M.C., E. Post and N.C. Stenshth(1998) Breeding phenology and climate. Nature 391: 29-30.
  7. Gaston, K.J., T.M. Blackburn and K. Klein Goldewijk(2003) Habitat conversion and global avian biodiversity loss. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 270:1293-1300. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2303
  8. Gregory, R.D., D.G. Noble and J. Custance(2004) The state of play of farmland birds: population trends and conservation status of lowland farmland birds in the United Kingdom. Ibis 146: 1-13.
  9. Johnson, N.K.(1994) Pioneering and natural expansion of breeding distributions in western North American birds. in: A century of avifauna change in western North America(eds. Jehl, J.R., Jr. and N.K. Johnson). Studies in Avian Biology 15: 27-44.
  10. Julliard, R., F. Jiguet and D. Couvet(2003) Common birds facing global changes: what makes a species at risk? Global Change Biology 10: 148-154.
  11. Juutinen, R. and M. Monkkonen(2004) Testing alternative indicators for biodiversity conservation in old-growth boreal forests: ecology and economics. Ecological Economics 50: 35-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.02.006
  12. Kim, J.S.(2008) An ecological study on the interaction between vegetation structure and animal habitats of Nanjido waste landfill biotipe in Seoul, Korea. Ph. D. thesis, Univ. of Seoul, 256pp.
  13. Lemoine, N. and K. Bohning-Gaese(2003) Potential impact of global climate change on species richness of long-distance migrants. Conservation Biology 17: 577-586. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01389.x
  14. Muller, M., R. Spaar, L. Schifferli and L. Jenni(2005) Effects of changes in farming of subalpine meadows on a grassland bird, the whinchat (Saxicola rubetra). Journal of Ornithology 146: 14-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-004-0059-0
  15. Nicole L.(2005) Influence of habitat and climate change on European bird communities. Ph. D. thesis, Universitat Mainz, 97pp.
  16. Parmesan, C.(1996) Climate and species' range. Nature 382: 765-766. https://doi.org/10.1038/382765a0
  17. Penuelas. J. and I. Filella(2001) Responses to a warming world. Science 294: 793-794. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1066860
  18. Peterson, A.T.(2003) Subtle recent distributional shifts in great plain bird species. Southwestern Naturalist 48: 289-292. https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2003)048<0289:SRDSIG>2.0.CO;2
  19. Root, T.L., J.T. Price, K.R. Hall, S.H. Schneider, C. Rosenzweig and J.A. Pounds(2003) Fingerprints of global warming on wild animals and plants. Nature 421: 57-60. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01333
  20. Sala, O.E., F.S. Chapin, J.J. Armesto, E. Berlow, J. Bloomfield, R. Dirzo, E. Huber-Sanwald, L.F. Huenneke, R.B. Jackson, A. Kinzig, R. Leemans, D.M. Lodge, H.A. Mooney, M. Oesterheld, N.L. Poff, M.T. Sykes, B.H. Walker, M. Walker and D.H. Wall(2000) Biodiversity-Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science 287: 1770-1774. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5459.1770
  21. Schulze, C.H., M. Waltert, P.J.A. Kessler, R. Pitopang, Shahabuddin, D. Veddeler, M. Muhlenberg, S.R. Gradstein, C. Leuschner, I. Steffan-Dewenter and T. Tschamtke(2004) Biodiversity indicator groups of tropical land-use systems: Comparing plants, birds, and insects. Ecological Applications 14: 1321-1333. https://doi.org/10.1890/02-5409
  22. Sekercioglu, C.H., G.C. Daily and P.R. Ehrlich(2004) Ecosystem consequences of bird declines. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101: 18042-18047. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0408049101
  23. Seoul City(2003) The construction history of Worldcup Park. Seoul, 557pp.
  24. Shannon, C. E. and W. Weaver(1949) The Mathematical Theory of Communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 117pp.
  25. Soule, M.E.(1990) The onslaught of alien species, and other challenges in the coming decades. Conservation Biology 4: 233-239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1990.tb00283.x
  26. Tankersley, R.D.(2004) Migration of birds as an indicator of broad-scale environmental condition. Environmental Monitoring and Assessement 94: 55-67. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EMAS.0000016879.82499.b6
  27. Thomas, C.D. and J.J. Lennon(1999) Birds extend their ranges northwards. Nature 399: 213. https://doi.org/10.1038/20335
  28. Venier, L.A. and J.L. Pearce(2004) Birds as indicators of sustainable forest management. Forestry Chronicle 80: 61-66. https://doi.org/10.5558/tfc80061-1
  29. Walther, G.-R., E. Post, P. Convey, A. Menzel, C. Parmesan, T.J.C. Beebee, J.M. Fromentin, O. Hoegh-Guldberg and F. Bairlein(2002) Ecological responses to recent climate change. Nature 416: 389-395. https://doi.org/10.1038/416389a
  30. Watkinson, A.R., J.A. Gill and M. Hulme(2004) Flying in the face of climate change: a review of climate change, past, present and future. Ibis 146: 4-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2004.00321.x