Effects of Different Ventilation Systems on Rearing Growing-finisher and Indoor Environment in a High Rise Hog Building

고상식 돈사내에서 환기시스템별 환경조사 및 육성비육돈 사육 효과

  • Received : 2010.09.27
  • Accepted : 2010.11.04
  • Published : 2010.12.30

Abstract

The goal of this study was to develop a high-rise hog building(HRHB) for growing-fattening stages. HRHB was two story building and was suitable for specific environment in Korea. Manure was treated in a first floor and pigs were raised on the slatted second floor. Three ventilation systems - 1) duct inlet to wall exhaust system(V1), 2) eave inlet to wall exhaust system(V2), and 3) ceiling inlet to wall exhaust system(V3) - were used. This experiment was conducted during winter and from summer to fall. Air temperature, air speed, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide in HRHB, and swine growth rate were measured. During winter, air temperature in V1 system tended to be slightly high without any effect of outside air temperature. Maximum temperature from summer to fall was between 33.4 and $33.8^{\circ}C$ and there was no significant difference among systems. Continuously measured daily temperature was lower in V2 system than other systems and the fluctuation of air temperature was high. Air speed in V1 and V2 systems were similar (0.02~0.21 m/s), and was 0.04~0.15 m/s in V3 during winter. From summer to fall, air speed in V1, V2, and V3 systems were 0.10~0.41 m/s, 0.10~0.83 m/s, and 0.11~0.26 m/s, respectively. V2 system showed bigger fluctuation of air speed than other systems. During winter, the highest concentrations of ammonia in V1, V2, and V3 systems were 7.0, 3.5, and 8.7 ppm, respectively. Hydrogen sulfide was not detected. The highest concentrations of ammonia from summer to winter in V1, V2, and V3 systems were 6.1, 2.8, and 5.6 ppm, respectively. Swine growth showed no statistical significance among systems. However, daily weight gain was approximately 4% higher in V1 and V3 than in V2. Feed intake/daily weight gain was approximately 4% higher in V1 than other systems. From summer to fall, daily weight gain in V1 and V3 tended to approximately 3% higher than other systems, and feed intake/daily weight gain was approximately 2% higher in V1 than other systems. Hence, V2 system for the ventilation system of HRHB should not be utilized.

본 연구는 국내 여건에 적합한 돈사시설과 분뇨처리가 일체형으로 조합된 고상식 돈사에 적합한 환기시스템을 찾고자 수행하였다. 덕트입기${\rightarrow}$ 측벽배기 (처리 V1), 처마입기 (측벽천장)${\rightarrow}$측벽배기 (처리 V2), 천장입기${\rightarrow}$측벽배기 (처리 V3) 3종류의 환기시스템을 설치하였다. 시험 시기는 겨울철과, 여름철부터 가을철에 실시하였다. 환기시스템별 고상식 돈사내 온도, 공기유속, 암모니아, 황화수소, 돼지성장 등을 조사하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 겨울철 동안 온도는 덕트입기에서 온도가 약간 높은 경향을 보였으며, 외기온도에 영향을 받지 않았다. 여름철부터 가을철 동안 최고온도는 $33.4{\sim}33.8^{\circ}C$ 처리간에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며,외기온도에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 가을철 일일 연속적 온도 변화에서 처마입기가 다른 환기시스템보다 낮은 온도를 유지와 온도의 편차가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 겨울철 동안 돈사내 공기유속은 덕트입기와 처마입기는 0.02~.21 m/s 로 비슷한 경향이었으며 천장입기는 0.04~.15 m/s 이었다. 여름철부터 가을철동안 돈사내 공기유속은 덕트입기 0.10~.41 m/sec 처마입기 0.10~83m/sec 천장입기 0.11~.26 m/sec의 공기유속을 보였다. 가을철 일일 연속적 공기유속변화에서 처마입기가 공기유속의 변화가 다른 환기시스템보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. 겨울철 동안 돈사내 $NH_3$ 발생 최고 농도는 덕트입기 7.0 ppm, 마입기 3.5 ppm,천장 입기 8.7 ppm 검출 되었으며,$H_2S$는 검출되지 않았다. 여름철부터 가을철 동안 돈사내 $NH_3$ 발생 최고농도는 덕트입기 6.1 ppm, 처마입기 2.8 ppm, 천장입기 5.6 ppm 검출되었다. 돼지 성장에서 환기시스템 간 통계적인 유의성은 없었으나, 겨울철 동안 일당증체량은 덕트입기와 천장입기가 처마입기보다 약 4% 높은 증체를 보였으며, 사료섭취량/증체량은 덕트입기에서 사육되는 돼지가 효율이 약 4% 높은 것으로 나타났다. 여름철부터 가을철 동안 덕트입기와 천장입기에서 사육되는 돼지의 일당증체량이 처마입기에서보다 약 3% 정도 높은 경향을 보였으며, 사료섭취량/증체량은 덕트입기에서 사육되는 돼지가 효율이 약 2% 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 고상식 돈사용 환기시스템으로 처마입기 (측벽천장) 측벽배기 적용은 비효율적이라 판단된다.

Keywords

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