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Clinical Experience of the Surgical Treatment of Cardiac Tumor

심장 종양의 수술적인 치료의 임상적 고찰

  • Bang, Jung-Hee (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Dong-A Medical Hospital) ;
  • Woo, Jong-Soo (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Dong-A Medical Hospital) ;
  • Choi, Pill-Jo (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Dong-A Medical Hospital) ;
  • Cho, Gwang-Jo (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Dong-A Medical Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Si-Ho (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital) ;
  • Park, Kwon-Jae (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Dong-A Medical Hospital)
  • 방정희 (동아대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 우종수 (동아대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 최필조 (동아대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 조광조 (동아대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 김시호 (양산부산대학교병원 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 박권재 (동아대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실)
  • Received : 2009.08.31
  • Accepted : 2010.02.12
  • Published : 2010.08.05

Abstract

Background: Primary cardiac tumors are extremely rare. The most common type are benign myxomas, and these are almost completely curable with early surgery. Malignant tumors, however, such as sarcomas, are difficult to remove surgically, and their prognosis is known to be poor. In this study, data on patients who had undergone surgical treatment of cardiac tumor in the authors' hospital were collected and analyzed. Material and Method: The subjects included 28 patients who had undergone surgical treatment of cardiac tumor from August 1993 to December 2008. Their medical records were reviewed and retrospectively analyzed. Result: The patients were aged from 20 to 76 years (mean age: $54.2{\pm}15.6$), and 11 were male (39%) and 17 female (61%). Fifteen of them (54%) underwent emergency surgery to improve heart failure symptoms. The most common preoperative symptom was dyspnea (15 cases, 54%). Preoperative echocardiography was performed on all the patients. The average size of the tumor as measured during the operation was $7.0{\pm}6.9cm$ (the average length of the long axis was 2∼40 cm), and the sites of tumor attachment were the interatrial septum (18 cases, 64%), the left atrium (9 cases, 32%), the mitral valve annulus (2 cases, 7%), and the left ventricle (2 cases, 7%). The operation was performed with an incision through both atria in all the patients, and a complete excision was made in 25 cases (89%). According to the biopsy results, there were 4 cases of sarcoma (14%), 1 case of lipoma (4%), and 23 cases of myxoma (82%). The three cases in which the tumors were not completely excised were sarcomas. No operative deaths occurred after the operations. Outpatient follow-up was possible for 24 cases (86%), with a mean follow-up period of $46.8{\pm}42.7$ months. Late death occurred in 3 of the 24 patients; each of these patients had sarcomas. Of these patients, the first had undergone two repeat surgeries, the second had metastatic sites removed, and the last had only chemotherapy. The average recurrence time was $12.7{\pm}10.8$ months, and the average metastasis time was $20.5{\pm}16.8$ months. Conclusion: Most cardiac tumors are benign myxomas. In principle, they should be surgically treated because they can create risks such as embolism, and can be radically treated when surgically removed. In most cases, however, malignant sarcomas are already considerably advanced with severe infiltration into the neighboring tissues at the time of diagnosis. The surgical removal of malignant sarcomas is known to be difficult because of the advanced stage and degree of infiltration. We suggest that excision of the removable portion of the tumor sites to alleviate symptoms such as heart failure can improve quality of life.

배경: 심장의 원발성 종양은 아주 드문 질환이다. 이중 대부분의 경우는 양성인 점액종이고 이는 조기의 수술적인 치료로 거의 완치되는 반면 육종과 같은 악성종양은 수술적 제거가 어렵고 예후도 안 좋은 것으로 알려져 있다. 본원에서는 심장 종양으로 수술적인 치료를 했던 환자를 모아서 분석해 보았다. 대상 및 방법: 1993년 8월부터 2008년 12월까지 심장 종양으로 수술적인 치료를 하였던 28명의 환자를 대상으로 의무 기록 검토를 통한 후향적 분석을 하였다. 결과: 환자의 연령은 20세에서 76세 사이로 평균 $54.2{\pm}15.6$세였다. 남자가 11명(39%), 여자가 17명(61%)이었다. 15예(54%)에서 심부전의 증상 호전을 위해 응급 수술을 시행하였다. 술 전 주 증상은 호흡곤란이 15예(54%)로 제일 많았다. 전 환자에서 술 전 심장초음파로 진단이 되었다. 수술 시 종양의 크기는 장축이 2∼40 cm의 범위로 평균 $7.0{\pm}6.9$ cm였으며 종양의 부착부위는 18예(64%)에서 심방중격에, 9예(32%)에서 좌심방에, 2예(7%)에서 승모판막윤에, 2예(7%)에서 좌심실에 위치하고 있었다. 수술은 전 환자에서 양 심방절개를 통해 접근하였고 25예(89%)에서 완전절제가 가능하였다. 조직검사에서 육종이 4예(14%), 지방종이 1예(4%), 점액종이 23예(82%)였으며 완전절제를 못했던 3예는 모두 육종이었다. 술 후 사망은 없었다. 외래 추적은 24예(86%)에서 가능했으며 평균 추적 기간은 $46.8{\pm}42.7$개월이었다. 추적 환자 중 만기 사망은 조직검사에서 육종이었던 3명이 있었다. 육종으로 수술했던 환자로 재발 혹은 타 조직으로 전이하여 1예에서 2차례 재수술, 1예에서 전이 부위 절제술, 1예에서는 항암치료만을 했던 환자였다. 평균 재발 및 전이기간은 각각 $12.7{\pm}10.8$개월, $20.5{\pm}16.8$개월이었다. 결론: 심장 종양의 대부분인 점액종은 색전 등의 위험을 야기할 수 있으므로 조기에 수술함이 원칙이고 수술적 제거로 근본적인 치료가 가능하다. 악성종양인 육종은 발견 시 이미 상당히 진행되어 있는 경우가 많고 주위 조직으로의 침윤이 심해 수술적인 제거가 어려운 경우가 많다. 그러나 심부전 증상 등의 증상완화를 위해서는 가능한 부위의 절제를 함으로써 환자의 향후 삶의 질을 높일 수 있는 방편으로 보인다.

Keywords

References

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