Journal of Plant Biotechnology

The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology (한국식물생명공학회)
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Current status on plant molecular farming via chloroplast transformation

엽록체 형질전환 유래 분자 농업의 연구 동향

  • Min, Sung-Ran (Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology(KRIBB)) ;
  • Jeong, Won-Joong (Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology(KRIBB)) ;
  • Kim, Suk-Weon (Microbial Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology(KRIBB)) ;
  • Lee, Jeong-Hee (Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology(KRIBB)) ;
  • Chung, Hwa-Jee (GenDocs Inc.) ;
  • Liu, Jang-R. (Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology(KRIBB))
  • 민성란 (한국생명공학연구원 식물시스템공학연구센터) ;
  • 정원중 (한국생명공학연구원 식물시스템공학연구센터) ;
  • 김석원 (한국생명공학연구원 미생물자원센터) ;
  • 이정희 (한국생명공학연구원 식물시스템공학연구센터) ;
  • 정화지 ((주) 젠닥스) ;
  • 유장렬 (한국생명공학연구원 식물시스템공학연구센터)
  • Received : 2010.08.06
  • Accepted : 2010.08.20
  • Published : 2010.09.30
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Abstract

Chloroplast transformation in higher plants offers many attractive advantages over nuclear transformation, including a high-level accumulation of foreign proteins, multi-gene expression in single transformation event via transgene stacking in operons and no position effect due to site-specific integration of transgenes by homologous recombination. Most importantly, chloroplast transgenic plants are eco-friendly because their transgenes are maternally inheritance in most crop plants. However, chloroplast transformation system has limited success in crops alike nuclear transformation. In the past two decades, great progress has been made to overcome the limitations of chloroplast transformation, thus expending chloroplast bioreactor to several important crops including soybean, carrot, lettuce, and oilseed. Therefore, it has become possible that chloroplast transformation of crops can be used not only for the improvement of agronomic traits, but also for the production of vaccines and high valuable therapeutic proteins in pharmaceutical industry.

고등식물의 엽록체 형질전환은 핵 형질전환에서 기대 할 수 없는 여러 가지 이점을 가진다. 외래 단백질의 발현율을 획기적으로 높일 수 있고, 여러 유전자를 동시에 발현시킬 수 있으며, 상동재조합에 의한 부위-특이적 유전자 삽입으로 인해 유전자 침묵 및 위치효과가 없다. 더욱이, 대부분 작물은 화분을 통한 도입된 유전자의 전이가 불가능한 모계 유전을 하기 때문에 엽록체 형질전환은 환경 친화적이다. 엽록체 형질전환 시스템은 핵 형질 전환과 달리 작물에서의 성공에 제한적이었으나 지난 10년 동안 이런 한계가 극복되어 콩, 당근, 상추 및 유채 등의 작물에서도 성공하게 되었다. 그러므로 이제 작물의 엽록체 형질전환은 농업적 형질의 개선뿐 만 아니라, 고부가가치 백신과 의료용 단백질 생산을 통한 의약품 산업의 성장에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

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