참고문헌
- Ahn, J., I. U. Grun, and A. Mustapha. 2007. Effects of plant extracts on microbial growth, color change, and lipid oxidation in cooked beef. Food Microbiol. 24, 7-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2006.04.006
- Cheshier, J. E., S. Ardestani-Kaboudanian, B. Liang., M. Araghiniknam, S. Chung, L. Lane, A. Castro, and R. R. Watson. 1996. Immunomodulation by pycnogenol in retrovirus-infected or ethanol fed mice. Life Sci. 58, 87-96.
-
Choi, J. H., M. K. Choi, O. T. Han., S. J. Han, S. J. Chung, C. K. Shim, and D. D. Kim. 2007. Evaluation of skin absorptio of catechin from topical formulations containing Korean pine bark extract (
$pinexol^{\circledR}$ ). J. Kor. Pharm. Sci. 37, 359-364. https://doi.org/10.4333/KPS.2007.37.6.359 - Close, B., K. Banister, V. Baumans, E. M. Bernoth, N. Bromage, J. Bunyan, W. Erhardt, P. Flecknell, N. Gregory, H. Hackbarth, D. Morton, and C. Warwick. 1997. Recommendations for euthanasia of experimental animals, Part 2. Laboratory Animals 31, 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1258/002367797780600297
- Cowan, M. M. 1999. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 12, 564-582.
- Devaraj, S., S. Vega-Lopez, N. Kaul, F. Schönlau, P. Rohdewald, and I. Jialal. 2002. Supplementation with a pine bark extract rich in polyphenols increases plasma antioxidant capacity and alters the plasma lipoprotein profile. Lipids 37, 931-934. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-006-0982-3
- Dibner, J. J. and J. D. Richards. 2005. Antibiotic growth promoters in agriculture: History and mode of action. Poult. Sci. 84, 634-643. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/84.4.634
- Dickens, J. A., M. E. Berrang, and N. A. Cox. 2000. Efficacy of an herbal extract on the microbiological quality of broiler carcass during a simulated chill. Poult. Sci. 79, 1200-1203. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/79.8.1200
- Gibson, G. R. and X. Wang. 1994. Bifidogenic properties of different types of fructooligosaccharides. Food Microbiol. 11, 491-498. https://doi.org/10.1006/fmic.1994.1055
-
Grimm. T., Z. Chovanova, J. Muchova, K. Sumegova, A. Liptakova, Z. Durackova, and P. Hogger. 2006. Inhibition of
$NF-_{\kappa}B$ activation and MMP-9 secretion by plasma of human volunteers after ingestion of maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol). J. Inflammation 3, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-9255-3-1 - Hasegawa, N. 2000. Inhibition of lipogenesis by pycnogenol. Phytotherapy Res. 14, 472-473. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1573(200009)14:6<472::AID-PTR649>3.0.CO;2-S
- Hasegawa, N. 1999. Stimulation of lipolysis by pycnogenol. Phytotherapy Res. 13, 19-620.
- Hong, B. J., J. S. Oh, B. W. Kim, and B. S. Park. 2008. Effect of feeding dietary pitamin as a organic livestock feed additives in laying hens. Kor. J. Organic Agric. 16, 205-218.
- Ikeguchi, M., T. Masahito, T. Atsushi, and T. Kinya. 2006. Effects of pine bark extract on lipid metabolism in rats. J. Japan Soc. Nutr. Food Sci. 59, 89-95. https://doi.org/10.4327/jsnfs.59.89
- Kim, B. W., J. S. Oh, O. T. Han, S. O. Park, and B. S. Park. 2009. Effect of pitamin as an antibiotics replacement for or ganic livestock feed additives in broiler chickens. Kor. J. Organic Agric. 17, 111-125.
- Lee, O. H., K. Y. Kim, M. K. Jang, K. H. Yu, S. G. Kim, M. H. Kim, and S. H. Lee. 2008. Evaluation of proanthocyanidin contents in total polyphenolic compounds of pine (pinus densiflora) needle extracts and their antioxidative activities. J. Life Sci. 18, 213-219. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2008.18.2.213
-
Mochizuki, M. and N. Hasegawa. 2004. Pycnogenol stimulates lipolysis in 3t3-L1 cells via stimulation of
${\beta}-receptor$ mediated activity. Phytotherapy Res. 18, 1029-1030. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1612 - National Research Council. 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th rev. eds., National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
- Orrhage, K. and C. E. Nord. 2000. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in human health. Drugs Exp. Clin. Res. 26, 95-111.
- Ozlem, Y. C., M. Ganzera, I. Akgun, C. Sevimli, K. Korkmaz, and E. Bedir. 2009. Determination of polyphenolic constituents and biological activities of bark extracts from different Pinus species. J. Sci. Food Agric. 89, 1339-1345. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3591
- Rohdewald, P. A. 2002. A review of the French maritime pine bark extract (pycnogenol), an herbal medication with a diverse clinical pharmacology. Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 40, 158-168. https://doi.org/10.5414/CPP40158
- SAS. 2004. SAS/STAT User's Guide: Statistics. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC.
- Scot PIL training manual. 1994. Glasgow Univ. UK.
- Silliman, K., J. Parry., L. L. Kirk, and R. L. Prior. 2003. Pycnogenol does not impact the antioxidant or vitamin C status of healthy young adults. J. Am. Diet Assoc. 103, 67-72.
- Torras, M. A., C. A. Faura, F. Schonlau, and P. Rohdewald. 2005. Antimicrobial activity of pycnogenol. Phytotherapy Res. 19, 647-648. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1662
- Wang, Y. W., C. J. Field, and J. S. Sim. 2000. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids alter lymphocyte subset proportion and proliferation, serum immunoglobulin G concentration, and immune tissue development in chicks. Poult. Sci. 79, 1741-1748. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/79.12.1741
피인용 문헌
- Antimicrobial and antiviral activity of Saururus chinensis extract by n-Hexane vol.36, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.7853/kjvs.2013.36.2.87