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The Clinical Outcome of Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy for the Treatment of Chronic Pulmonary Thromboembolism

만성 폐동맥 색전증 환자에서의 폐동맥 내막절제술의 임상적 결과

  • Bang, Jeong-Hee (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Dong-A Medical Hospital, College of Medicine, Dong-A University) ;
  • Woo, Jong-Soo (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Dong-A Medical Hospital, College of Medicine, Dong-A University) ;
  • Choi, Pil-Jo (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Dong-A Medical Hospital, College of Medicine, Dong-A University) ;
  • Jo, Gwang-Jo (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Dong-A Medical Hospital, College of Medicine, Dong-A University) ;
  • Park, Kwon-Jae (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Dong-A Medical Hospital, College of Medicine, Dong-A University) ;
  • Kim, Si-Ho (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital) ;
  • Yie, Kil-Soo (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University)
  • 방정희 (동아대학교 의과대학 동아대학교병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 우종수 (동아대학교 의과대학 동아대학교병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 최필조 (동아대학교 의과대학 동아대학교병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 조광조 (동아대학교 의과대학 동아대학교병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 박권재 (동아대학교 의과대학 동아대학교병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 김시호 (양산부산대학교병원 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 이길수 (강원대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실)
  • Received : 2009.12.23
  • Accepted : 2010.02.03
  • Published : 2010.06.05

Abstract

Background: Diagnosing chronic pulmonary embolism at an early stage is difficult because of the patient’s nonspecific symptoms. This condition is not prevalent in Korea, and in fact, there have been only a few case reports on this in the Korean medical literature. We analyzed the surgical outcome of performing pulmonary thromboendarterectomy in patients with chronic pulmonary embolism. Material and Method: The study subjects included those patients who underwent surgery for chronic pulmonary embolism from 1996 to 2008. For making the diagnosis, echocardiography, chest CT and a pulmonary perfusion scan were performed on the patients who complained of chronic dyspnea. Result: Pulmonary endarterectomy was performed as follows: by incision via a mid-sternal approach (7 patients); by incision via a left posterolateral approach (1 patient); using the deep hypothermic circulatory arrest technique (4 patients); under ventricular fibrillation (3 patients); and under cardioplegic arrest (1 patient). The postoperative systolic pulmonary artery blood pressure significantly decreased from a preoperative value of $78.9{\pm}14.5\;mmHg$ to $45.6{\pm}17.6\;mmHg$ postoperatively (p=0.000). The degree of tricuspid regurgitation was less than grade II after surgery. Two patients died early on, including one patient who had persistent pulmonary hypertension without improvement and right heart failure. Conclusion: Patients who have chronic pulmonary embolism are known to have a poor prognosis. However, we think that early surgical treatment along with making the proper diagnosis before the aggravation of right heart failure can help improve the quality of a patient's life.

배경: 만성 폐색전증은 초기에 비특이적인 증상으로 인해 진단이 쉽지 않을 뿐만 아니라 국내에서도 흔한 질환이 아니므로 보고된 예도 적다. 본 연구에서는 만성 폐색전증 환자에서 폐동맥 내막절제술의 수술결과를 후향적인 방법으로 분석해보았다. 대상 및 방법: 1996년부터 2008년까지 만성 폐색전증으로 본원에서 수술받았던 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 만성적인 호흡곤란을 주소로 내원한 환자들은 심초음파, 흉부 전산화 촬영, 폐 관류스캔을 이용하여 진단하였다. 결과: 7예의 환자에서는 정중흉골 절개술로, 1예는 좌측 후측방 절개술을 통해 접근하였다. 4예에서는 극저체온 순환 정지하에, 3예는 심실 세동하에, 1예는 심정지하에 폐동맥 내막절제술을 시행하였다. 술후 평균 폐동맥 수축기 혈압은 술 전 $78.9{\pm}14.5\;mmHg$에서 $45.6{\pm}17.6\;mmHg$로 의미 있게 감소하였고(p=0.000) 삼첨판 부전증 정도는 Grade II 이하였다. 조기사망은 2예가 있었으며 그 중 1예는 폐동맥 고혈압이 지속되면서 우 심부전이 호전되지 않아 결국 사망한 경우였다. 결론: 만성 폐색전증의 예후는 아주 불량한 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 조기에 적절한 진단과 우 심부전이 심해지기 전에 적절한 수술적인 치료를 한다면 향후 환자의 삶의 질을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

Keywords

References

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