Journal of Life Science (생명과학회지)

Korean Society of Life Science (한국생명과학회)
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The Pulation Structure of the Pacific Cod (Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius) Based on Mitochondrial DNA Sequences

미토콘드리아 유전자 염기서열 분석에 의한 대구 계군 분석

  • Seo, Young-Il (South Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute) ;
  • Kim, Joo-Il (Fisheries Resources and Environment Department, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute) ;
  • Oh, Taeg-Yun (Jeju Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute) ;
  • Lee, Sun-Kil (South Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute) ;
  • Park, Jong-Hwa (South Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute) ;
  • Kim, Hee-Yong (South Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute) ;
  • Cho, Eun-Seob (South Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute)
  • 서영일 (국립수산과학원 남해수산연구소) ;
  • 김주일 (제주수산연구소) ;
  • 오택윤 (국립수산과학원 자원연구과) ;
  • 이선길 (국립수산과학원 남해수산연구소) ;
  • 박종화 (국립수산과학원 남해수산연구소) ;
  • 김희용 (국립수산과학원 남해수산연구소) ;
  • 조은섭 (국립수산과학원 남해수산연구소)
  • Received : 2010.01.06
  • Accepted : 2010.02.19
  • Published : 2010.03.30
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Abstract

To assess population structure and genetic diversity among the Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), we investigated mtDNA COI gene sequences of 7 populations. Samples were obtained from Sokcho, Wolsung, Geojedo, Yeosu, Geomundo and Westsouth in 2008 and 2009 (n=28). The sequence analysis of 28 individual samples showed 8 haplotypes, ranging in sequence divergence by pairwise comparisons from 0.2 to 2.2% (1 bp-11 bp). The Gal haplotype was found in Wolsung, Geojedo, Yeosu, Geomundo and Westsouth, and was regarded as the main haplotype of Korean Pacific cod. Ga2, Ga3, Ga6 and Ga7 haplotypes were found only in Sokcho. In the PHYLIP analysis, 8 haplotypes formed two independent groups: cladeA consisted of Ga2, Ga3, Ga6 and Ga7 haplotypes, whereas cladeB contained Gal, Ga4, Ga5 and Ga8 haplotypes. The genetic relationship between the two groups was weakly supported by bootstrap analysis(<50%). In pairwise comparisons between 6 populations other than that from Sokcho, a very high per generation migration ratio ($N_m$=infinite) and a very low level of geographic distance ($F_{sr}=-0.0123-(-0.0423)$) were observed. The estimates of genetic distance between Sokcho and the other localities were all statistically significant (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001), indicating a limited mtDNA-based gene flow between Sokcho and other regions. The finding of the lowest genetic diversity in the Sokcho population (nucleotide diversity=0.00589) may be a result of relatively small population size and interrupted gene flow to other localities. Consequently, the overall considerable migration of Pacific cod population in Korea caused a genetically homogeneous structure to form, although a distinct population was found in this study.

본 연구는 2008년에서 2009년 동안 속초, 월성, 거제도, 여수, 거문도, 서남해역에서 채집된 대구어미를 대상으로 유전적 집단구조를 조사했다. 시험에 사용된 28 마리 중에서 8 종류의 haplotype이 발견되었다. 상호 유전자 비교시 0.2-2.2% 범위에서 유전자 변이율을 볼 수 있었다. Gal haplotype은 월성, 거제도, 여수, 거문도, 서남해역에서 모두 발견된 haplotype으로 우리나라 대구의 가장 대표적인 haplotype인 것으로 추측된다. 그러나 Ga2, Ga3, Ga6, Ga7 haplotype은 속초에서만 나타났다. 또한 유전자 상호관계 분석에서도 속초에서 나타난 haplotype은 독립적인 개체군을 형성하고 있으면 다른 haplotype과의 유연 성립율은 50% 이하로 나타났다. 속초를 제외한 나머지 지역의 지역적 유전거리는 -0.0123 에서 -0.0423 이면 유전적 이동률은 거의 무한대로 보여 동일한 집단을 형성하고 있는 것으로 보였다. 그러나 속초와는 현저한 유전적 거리를 나타내고 있고, 속초의 유전적 다양성이 가장 낮게 나타나서 속초의 대구 개체군은 소형임과 아울러 다른 지역관의 유전적 이동이 거의 차단된 것으로 보인다. 따라서 우리나라에서 어획되는 대구 계군은 속초를 제외하고 활발한 유전적 이동으로 동일한 유전적 집단을 형성하고 있는 것으로 보인다.

Keywords

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