초록
기후변화에 따른 농업기후자원량 변화와 기후자원의 효율적인 이용을 위하여 농업기후자원 요소 가운데 과거 30년 (1931~1960)과 최근 30년 (1971~2000)의 평년 기온을 중심으로 작기의 변화와 생육반응을 분석하였다. 과거 30년간의 이앙기조한은 지역별로 4월 28일에서 5월 23일 이었으나, 최근 30년은 4월 24일에서 5월 16일로 4~7일 빨라졌다. 그리고 과거 30년의 안전출수기만한은 지역별로 8월 22일에서 9월 12일인 반면에 최근 30년은 8월 22일에서 9월 15일로 약 3일 늦어졌다. 출수기별 등숙기온 분포는 과거 30년의 경우, 출수기가 7월 26일 때 등숙기 40일간의 평균기온은 $25{\sim}26^{\circ}C$ 전후였고 출수기가 10일 정도 늦어질수록 등숙기온은 $1{\sim}2^{\circ}C$정도 낮아졌다. 반면에, 최근 30년의 경우는 전체적인 경향은 비슷하였으나, 과거 30년에 비하여 약간 높은 경향이었다.
Climatic change was observed and analyzed in view of impacts on agricultural ecosystem, inter alia on rice cropping. The changed climate gave rise to earlier transplanting of rice seedling and later harvest after 40 years. Also phenological change and prolonged growth duration was observed. The meteorological data was selected from the standardized climatological data of 30 year normals of 1960s and 2000s, which were published by Korea Meteorological Administration. Development stages and growing periods of rice crop were compared by analyzing critical and optimum temperatures of each growth stage during these two periods. The first appearance date of $15^{\circ}C$ was ranged from Apr. 29 to May 23 in the year-normals of 1960s and it varied from Apr. 24 to May 16 in the normals of 2000s. The difference of the first appearance date of $15^{\circ}C$ was 0~10 days earlier in the year-normals of 2000s than the 1960s. The last harvesting date was determined to be the last appearance date of mean air temperature $15^{\circ}C$. The difference in the last appearance date of $15^{\circ}C$ was 1 to 13 days later in the year-normals of 2000s than in 1960s. The plant height of a rice variety, Hwayoung-byeo was 101~109 cm in 4 local areas, Seoul, Kangneung, Kwangju and Daegu. The plant height became 1~4 cm taller under warm condition. Rice grain yields estimated with daily weather data for the year-normals of 1960s and 2000s were 453~580 kg $10a^{-1}$ and 409~484 kg $10a^{-1}$ respectively. Rice grain yield of the former period was 50~100 kg $10a^{-1}$ higher than that hat in the later period.
