Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Identification of Two Fungal Endophytes Associated with the Endangered Orchid Orchis militaris L.

  • Received : 2009.09.17
  • Accepted : 2009.10.20
  • Published : 2010.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

A survey of the endangered orchid Orchis militaris populations was carried out in north-eastern Italy. The occurrence of fungal root endophytes was investigated by light and electron microscopies and molecular techniques. Two main sites of presence were individuated in the Euganean Hills, differing as to the percentage of flowering individuals and of capsules completing maturity. Fluorescence microscopy revealed an intracellular cortical colonization by hyphal pelotons. Two ITS PCR products co-amplified. Sequencing revealed for the former an identity and a high similarity (99%) with a Tulasnellaceae (Basidiomycota) fungus found within tissues of the same host in independent studies in Hungary and Estonia, suggesting an interesting case of tight specificity throughout the Eurosiberian home range. The second amplicon had 99% similarity with Tetracladium species (Ascomycota) recently demonstrated as potential endophytes. TEM revealed two different hyphal structures. Double fungal colonization appears to occur in Orchis militaris and the possible requirement of a specific fungal partner throws light on the causes of this plant's rarity and threatened status.

Keywords

References

  1. Abadie, J.-C., U. Püttsepp, G. Gebauer, A. Faccio, P. Bonfante, and M. A. Selosse. 2006. Cephalanthera longifolia (Neottieae, Orchidaceae) is mixotrophic: A comparative study between green and non-photosynthetic individuals. Can. J. Bot. 84: 1462-1477. https://doi.org/10.1139/b06-101
  2. Bayman, P. and J. T. Otero. 2006. Microbial endophytes of orchid roots: Diversity and effects on plants, pp. 153-178. In B. Schulz, C. Boyle, and T. Sieber (eds.). Microbial Root Endophytes. Soil Biology, Vol. 9 Springer-Verlag, Berlin and New York.
  3. Bending, G. D., T. J. Aspray, and J. M. Whipps. 2006. Significance of microbial interactions in the mycorrhizosphere. Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 60: 97-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2164(06)60004-X
  4. Buttler, K. P. 1991. Field Guide to Orchids of Britain and Europe. Crowood Press Ltd., Swindon, U.K.
  5. Dearnaley, J. D. W. 2007. Further advances in orchid mycorrhizal research. Mycorrhiza 17: 475-486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-007-0138-1
  6. Delforge, P. 1994. Orchids of Britain and Europe. Harper Collins Publishers, London, U.K.
  7. Frank, B. 1885. Ueber die auf Wurzelsymbiose beruhende Ernahrung gewisser Baume durch unterirdische Pilze. Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft 3: 128-145.
  8. Gardes, M. and T. D. Bruns. 1993. ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes - application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Mol. Ecol. 2: 113-118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x
  9. Giovannetti, M. and B. Mosse. 1980. An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots. New Phytol. 84: 489-500. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1980.tb04556.x
  10. Girlanda, M., M. A. Selosse, D. Cafasso, F. Brilli, S. Delfine, R. Fabbian, et al. 2006. Inefficient photosynthesis in the Mediterranean orchid Limodorum abortivum is mirrored by specific association to ectomycorrhizal Russulaceae. Mol. Ecol. 15: 491-504.
  11. Harvais, G. and G. Hadley. 1967. The relation between host and endophyte in orchid mycorrhiza. New Phytol. 66: 205-215. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1967.tb05999.x
  12. Jabaji-Hare, S. H., J. Therien, and P. M. Charest. 1990. High resolution cytochemical study of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal association, Glomus clarum x Allium porrum. New Phytol. 114: 481-496. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1990.tb00416.x
  13. Kjoller, R. and S. Rosendahl. 2000. Detection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomales) in roots by nested PCR and SSCP (single strand conformation polymorphism). Plant Soil 226: 189-196. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026499923717
  14. Klironomos, J. N. 2002. Feedback with soil biota contributes to plant rarity and invasiveness in communities. Nature 417: 67-70. https://doi.org/10.1038/417067a
  15. Kristiansen, K. A., D. L. Taylor, R. Kjoller, H. N. Rasmussen, and S. Rosendahl. 2001. Identification of mycorrhizal fungi from single pelotons of Dactylorhiza majalis (Orchidaceae) using single strand conformation polymorphism and mitochondrial ribosomal large subunit DNA sequences. Mol. Ecol. 10: 2089-2093. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01324.x
  16. Kumar, S., K. Tamura, and M. Nei. 1994. MEGA: Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis software for microcomputers. Comput. Appl. Biosci. 10: 189-191.
  17. Leake, J. R. 1994. The biology of myco-heterotrophic ('saprophytic') plants. New Phytol. 127: 171-216 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb04272.x
  18. Maniatis, T., E. F. Fritsch, and J. Sambrook. 1982. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Press, New York, U.S.A..
  19. Murat, C., A. Vizzini, P. Bonfante, and A. Mello. 2005. Morphological and molecular typing of the below-ground fungal community in a natural Tuber magnatum truffle-ground. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 245: 307-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.03.019
  20. Peterson, R. L. and M. L. Farquhar. 1994. Mycorrhizae: Integrated development between plant roots and fungi. Mycologia 86: 311-326. https://doi.org/10.2307/3760561
  21. Rasmussen, H. N. 2002 Recent developments in the study of orchid mycorrhiza. Plant Soil 244: 149-163. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020246715436
  22. Schelkle, M., M. Ursic, M. Farquhar, and R. L. Peterson. 1996. The use of laser scanning confocal microscopy to characterize mycorrhizas of Pinus strobus L. and to localize associated bacteria. Mycorrhiza 6: 431-440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s005720050143
  23. Selosse, M.-A, M. Vohnik, and E. Chauvet. 2008. Out of the rivers: Are some aquatic hyphomycetes plant endophytes? New Phytol. 178: 3-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02390.x
  24. Selosse, M. A., A. Faccio, G. Scappaticci, and P. Bonfante. 2004. Chlorophyllous and achlorophyllous specimens of Epipactis microphylla (Neottieae, Orchidaceae) are associated with ectomycorrhizal septomycetes, including truffles. Microb. Ecol. 47: 416-426.
  25. Selosse, M. A., F. Richard, X. He, and S. W. Simard. 2006. Mycorrhizal networks: Des liaisons dangereuses? Trends Ecol. Evol. 21: 621-628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2006.07.003
  26. Senthilkumar, S., K. V. Krishnamurthy, J. S. Britto, and D. I. Arockiasamy. 2000. Visualization of orchid mycorrhizal fungal structures with fluorescence dye using epifluorescence microscopy. Curr. Sci. India 79: 1527-1528.
  27. Shefferson, R. P., T. Kull, and K. Tali. 2008. Mycorrhizal interactions of orchids, colonizing Estonian mine tailings hills. Am. J. Bot. 95: 156-164. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.95.2.156
  28. Smith, S. E. 1966. Physiology and ecology of orchid mycorrhizal fungi with reference to seedling nutrition. New Phytol. 65: 488-499. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1966.tb05972.x
  29. Taylor, D. L. and T. D. Bruns. 1997 Independent, specialized invasion of ectomycorrhizal mutualism by two nonphotosynthetic orchids. Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94: 4510-4515 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.9.4510
  30. Van Der Heijden, M. G. A., J. N. Klironomos, M. Ursic, P. Moutoglis, R. Streitwolf-Engel, T. Boller, A. Wiemken, and I. R. Sanders. 1998. Mycorrhizal fungal diversity determines plant biodiversity, ecosystem variability and productivity. Nature 396: 69-72. https://doi.org/10.1038/23932
  31. Werner, A. and M. Zadworny. 2003. In vitro evidence of mycoparasitism of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria laccata against Mucor hiemalis in the rhizosphere of Pinus sylvestris. Mycorrhiza 13: 41-47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-002-0195-4
  32. White, T. J., T. D. Bruns, S. Lee, and J. Taylor. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics, pp. 315-322. In M. A. Innis, D. H. Gelfand, J. J. Sninsky, and T. J. White (eds.). PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, New York, U.S.A.
  33. Willems, J. H. 1982 Establishment and development of a population of Orchis simia Lamk. in The Netherlands, 1972 to 1981. New Phytol. 91: 757-765. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1982.tb03355.x

Cited by

  1. The most recent results on orchid mycorrhizal fungi in Hungary vol.61, pp.suppl, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1556/abiol.61.2010.suppl.8
  2. Non-mycorrhizal fungal endophytes in two orchids of Kaiga forest (Western Ghats), India vol.23, pp.3, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-012-0284-y
  3. Relationships between orchid and fungal biodiversity: Mycorrhizal preferences in Mediterranean orchids vol.150, pp.2, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2014.940071
  4. Fungal Diversity and Community Composition of Culturable Fungi in Stanhopea trigrina Cast Gibberellin Producers vol.9, pp.None, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00612
  5. Fungi Originating From Tree Leaves Contribute to Fungal Diversity of Litter in Streams vol.10, pp.None, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00651