Nutrition Research and Practice

  • 제4권1호
  • /
  • Pages.43-50
  • /
  • 2010
  • /
  • 1976-1457(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2005-6168(eISSN)
한국영양학회 (The Korean Nutrition Society)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Energy intake and snack choice by the meal patterns of employed people

  • Kim, Seok-Young (Department of Food and Nutrition, Gyeoungsang National University) ;
  • Kim, Se-Min (Major of Nutrition Education, Graduate School of Education, Gyeoungsang National University)
  • 발행 : 2010.02.28
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

The aim of this study was to provide descriptive information on meal and snack patterns and to investigate snacks in relation to energy intake and food choice according to the meal patterns of employed people in Korea. 683 employed people (292 males, 391 females) were interviewed to collect one day dietary data by using 24-h dietary recall. A recorded day was divided into 3 meal and 3 snack periods by the respondent's criteria and the time of consumption. To analyze the eating pattern participants were divided as the more frequent snack eaters (MFSE) and the less frequent snack eaters (LFSE). They were also categorized into 6 groups according to the frequency of all eating occasions. The common meal pattern in nearly half of the subjects (47.6%) was composed of three meals plus one or two snacks per day. A trend of an increasing the number of snacks in between main meals emerges, although the conventional meal pattern is still retained in most employed Korean adults. Women, aged 30-39, and urban residents, had a higher number of being MFSE than LFSE. Increasing eating occasions was associated with higher energy, protein, and carbohydrate intakes, with the exception of fat intakes. 16.8% of the total daily energy intake came from snack consumption, while the 3 main meals contributed 83.2%. Energy and macronutrient intakes from snacks in the MFSE were significantly higher than the LFSE. Instant coffee was the most popular snack in the morning and afternoon, whereas heavy snacks and alcohol were more frequently consumed by both of the meal skipper groups ($\leq$2M+2,3S and $\leq$2M+0,1S) in the evening. In conclusion, meal pattern is changing to reflect an increase of more snacks between the three main meals. Meal and snack patterns may be markers for the energy and macronutrient intakes of employed people in Korea.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Zizza C, Siega-Riz AM, Popkin BM. Significant increase in young adults' snacking between 1977-1978 and 1994-1996 represents a cause for concern! Prev Med. 2001;32:303-310. https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.2000.0817
  2. Giskes K, Turrell G, van Lenthe FJ, Brug J, Mackenbach JP. A multilevel study of socio-economic inequalities in food choice behaviour and dietary intake among the Dutch population: the GLOBE study. Public Health Nutr. 2006;9:75-83.
  3. Jabs J, Devine CM. Time scarcity and food choices: An overview. Appetite. 2006;47:196-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2006.02.014
  4. Wang Z, Zhai F, Du S, Popkin B. Dynamic shifts in Chinese eating behaviors. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17:123-130.
  5. Roos E, Prattala R. Meal pattern and nutrient intake among adult Finns. Appetite. 1997;29:11-24. https://doi.org/10.1006/appe.1996.0095
  6. Wahlqvist ML, Kouris-Blazos A, Wattanapenpaiboon N. The significance of eating patterns: An elderly Greek case study. Appetite. 1999;32:23-32. https://doi.org/10.1006/appe.1998.0192
  7. Kerver JM, Yang EJ, Obayashi S, Bianchi L, Song WO. Meal and snack patterns are associated with dietary intake of energy and nutrients in US adults. J Am Diet Assoc. 2006;106:46-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2005.09.045
  8. De Graaf C. Effects of snacks on energy intake: An evolutionary perspective. Appetite. 2006;47:18-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2006.02.007
  9. Mazlan N, Horgan G, Stubbs RJ. Energy density and weight of food effect short-term caloric compensation in men. Physiol Behav. 2006;87:679-686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.01.032
  10. De Castro JM. The time of day and the proportions of macronutrients eaten are related to total daily food intake. Br J Nutr. 2007;98:1077-1083.
  11. Berteus Forslund H, Torgerson JS, Sjostrom L, Lindroos AK. Snacking frequency in relation to energy intake and food choices in obese men and women compared to a reference population. Int J Obes (Lond). 2005;29:711-719. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802950
  12. Andersson J, Nydahl M, Gustafsson K, Sidenvall B, Fjellstrom C. Meals and snacks among elderly self-managing and disabled women. Appetite. 2003;41:149-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-6663(03)00052-7
  13. Summerbell CD, Moody RC, Shanks J, Stock MJ, Geissler C. Sources of energy from meals versus snacks in 220 people in four age groups. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1995;49:33-41.
  14. Zizza CA, Tayie FA, Lino M. Benefits of snacking in older Americans. J Am Diet Assoc. 2007;107:800-806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2007.02.002
  15. Neuhouser ML, Patterson RE, Kristal AR, Rock CL, Neumark-Sztainer D, Thornquist MD, Cheskin LJ. Do consumers of savory snacks have poor-quality diets? J Am Diet Assoc. 2000;100:576-579. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(00)00176-0
  16. Choi MK, Kim JM, Kim JG. A study on the dietary habit and health of office workers in Seoul. Korean Journal of Food Culture. 2003;18:45-55.
  17. Berg C, Lappas G, Wolk A, Strandhagen E, Torén K, Rosengren A, Thelle D, Lissner L. Eating patterns and portion size associated with obesity in a Swedish population. Appetite. 2009;52:21-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2008.07.008
  18. Bellisle F, Dalix AM, Mennen L, Galan P, Hercberg S, De Castro JM, Gausseres N. Contribution of snacks and meals in the diet of French adults: a diet-diary study. Physiol Behav. 2003;79:183-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9384(03)00088-X
  19. Ovaskainen ML, Reinivuo H, Tapanainen H, Hannila ML, Korhonen T, Pakkala H. Snacks as an element of energy intake and food consumption. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006;60:494-501. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602343
  20. Basdevant A, Craplet C, Guy-Grand B. Snacking patterns in obese French women. Appetite. 1993;21:17-23. https://doi.org/10.1006/appe.1993.1033
  21. Berteus Forslund H, Lindroos AK, Sjostrom L, Lissner L. Meal patterns and obesity in Swedish women- a simple instrument describing usual meal types, frequency and temporal distribution. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002;56:740-747. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601387
  22. Gatenby SJ. Eating frequency: methodological and dietary aspects. Br J Nutr. 1997;77(Suppl 1):S7-S20. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19970100
  23. Nicklas TA, O'Neil CE, Berenson GS. Nutrient contribution of breakfast, secular trends, and the role of ready-to-eat cereals: a review of data from the Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;67:757S-763S.
  24. Haveman-Nies A, De Groot LPGM, Van Staveren WA. Snack patterns of older Europeans. J Am Diet Assoc. 1998;98:1297-1302. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(98)00290-9
  25. Park JW. [Internet]. The top of the sales-item was the "Coffeemix" at E-mart; [cited 2009 September 10]. Available from: http://sports.hankooki.com/Article.
  26. Dubois L, Girard M, Potvin Kent M, Farmer A, Tatone-Tokuda F. Breakfast skipping is associated with differences in meal patterns, macronutrients intakes and overweight among pre-school children. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12:19-28. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980008001894
  27. Bellisle F, Dalix AM, De Castro JM. Eating patterns in French subjects studied by the "Weekly Food Diary" method. Appetite. 1999;32:46-52. https://doi.org/10.1006/appe.1998.0195
  28. De Castro JM. The time of day of food intake influences overall intake in humans. J Nutr. 2004;134:104-111.
  29. Schlettwein-Gsell D, Barclay D. SENECA investigators. Longitudinal changes in dietary habits and attitudes of elderly Europeans. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1996;50(Suppl 2):S56-S66.
  30. Carlson O, Martin B, Stote KS, Golden E, Maudsley S, Najjar SS, Ferrucci L, Ingram DK, Longo DL, Rumpler WV, Baer DJ, Egan J, Mattson MP. Impact of reduced meal frequency without caloric restriction on glucose regulation in healthy, normal-weight middle-aged men and women. Metabolism. 2007;56:1729-1734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2007.07.018
  31. Sjoberg A, Hallberg L, Hoglund D, Hulthen L. Meal pattern, food choice, nutrient intake and lifestyle factors in the Göteborg Adolescence Study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;57:1569-1578. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601726

피인용 문헌

  1. Daily profiles of energy and nutrient intakes: are eating profiles changing over time? vol.66, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2011.210
  2. Energy distribution patterns in Australia and its relationship to age, gender and body mass index among children and adults vol.69, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-0080.2012.01582.x
  3. Is snacking good or bad for health: An overview vol.38, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1111/nbu.12042
  4. Meal types as sources for intakes of fruits, vegetables, fish and whole grains among Norwegian adults vol.18, pp.11, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980014002481
  5. Understanding meal patterns: definitions, methodology and impact on nutrient intake and diet quality vol.28, pp.01, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422414000262
  6. Snack Consumption Patterns and Its Nutritional Significance in Korean Elderly Population: from the 2013-2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey vol.17, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.15384/kjhp.2017.17.2.80
  7. Employment status and temporal patterns of energy intake: Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan, 2005–2008 vol.20, pp.18, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980017002476
  8. Impact of three different plate colours on short-term satiety and energy intake: a randomized controlled trial vol.17, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-018-0350-1
  9. Use of food labels by adolescents to make healthier choices on snacks: a cross-sectional study from Sri Lanka vol.16, pp.1, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3422-1