Wind and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Windborne debris and damage risk models: a review

  • Holmes, J.D. (JDH Consulting)
  • Received : 2009.08.31
  • Accepted : 2009.12.21
  • Published : 2010.03.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This review paper discusses research from the last few years relating to windborne debris risk models and the essential elements of engineering damage prediction models. Generic types of windborne debris are discussed. The results of studies of debris trajectories that are relevant to damage models are described - in particular the horizontal component of debris velocity as a function of distance travelled. The merits of impact momentum versus impact kinetic energy as a relevant parameter for predicting damage are considered, and how published data from generic cannon Impact tests can be used in risk models. The quantitative variation of debris impact damage with wind speed is also discussed. Finally the main elements of previously-proposed debris damage models are described.

Keywords

References

  1. Baker, C.J. (2007), "The debris flight equations", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 95, 329-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.001
  2. Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA) (2007), Multi-hazard estimation methodology – Hurricane Model, HAZUS-MH-MR3 Technical Manual. Chapter 5 – Windborne Debris. (available from: www.fema.gov/plan/prevent/hazus/hz_manuals).
  3. Holmes, J.D. (2004), "Trajectories of spheres in strong winds with application to wind-borne debris", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 92, 9-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2003.09.031
  4. Holmes, J.D. (2008), Windborne debris damage model for tropical residential construction, JDH Consulting Report JDH08/2, February 2008 (for Geoscience Australia).
  5. Holmes, J.D., Baker C.J. and Tamura, Y. (2006a), "The Tachikawa number: a proposal", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 94, 41-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2005.10.004
  6. Holmes, J.D., Letchford C.W. and Lin, N. (2006b), "Investigations of plate-type windborne debris. II. Computed Trajectories", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 94, 21-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2005.10.002
  7. Kordi, B., Traczuk, B. and Kopp, G.A. (2010), "Effects of wind direction on flight trajectories of roof sheathing panels under high winds", Wind Struct., 13(2), 145-167. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2010.13.2.145
  8. Lin, N. and Vanmarcke, E. (2008), "Windborne debris risk assessment", Probabilist. Eng. Mech., 23, 523-530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.probengmech.2008.01.010
  9. Lin, N. and Vanmarcke, E. (2010), "Windborne debris risk analysis – Part I. Introduction and methodology", Wind Struct., 13(2), 191-206. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2010.13.2.191
  10. Lin, N., Vanmarcke, E. and Yau, S.C. (2010), "Windborne debris risk analysis – Part II. Application to structural vulnerability modeling", Wind Struct., 13(2), 207-220. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2010.13.2.207
  11. Lin, N., Letchford, C.W. and Holmes, J.D. (2006), "Investigations of plate-type windborne debris. I. Experiments in full scale and wind tunnel", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 94, 51-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2005.12.005
  12. Lin, N. and Vanmarcke, E. (2007), "A windborne debris risk model", Proc., 12th Int. Conf. on Wind Engineering, Cairns, Queensland, Australia, July 1-6.
  13. Lin, N., Holmes, J.D. and Letchford, C.W. (2007), "Trajectories of windborne debris and applications to impact testing", J. Struct. Eng. ASCE, 133, 274-282. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2007)133:2(274)
  14. McDonald, J.R. (1990), "Impact resistance of common building materials to tornado missiles", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 36, 717-724. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(90)90069-O
  15. Minor, J.E. (1994) "Windborne debris and the building envelope", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 53, 207-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(94)90027-2
  16. Reitano, C. (2003), Flying debris damage potential in windstorms, BE Thesis, School of Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
  17. Twisdale, L.A., Vickery, P.J. and Steckley, A.C. (1996), Analysis of hurricane windborne debris impact risk for residential structures, Report prepared for State Farm Mutual, Applied Research Associates, Raleigh, North Carolina, Report 5303. March 1996.
  18. Vickery, P.J. and Twisdale, L.A. (1995), "Wind-field and filling models for hurricane wind-speed predictions", J. Struct. Eng. ASCE, 121, 1700-1709. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1995)121:11(1700)
  19. Vickery, P.J., Skerlj, P.F., Steckley, A.C. and Twisdale, L.A. (2000), "Hurricane wind field model for use in hurricane simulations", J. Struct. Eng. ASCE, 126, 1203-1221. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2000)126:10(1203)
  20. Visscher, B.T. and Kopp, G.A. (2007), "Trajectories of roof sheathing panels under high winds", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 95, 697-713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2007.01.003
  21. Wills, J.A.B., Lee, B.E. and Wyatt, T.A. (2002), "A model of windborne debris damage", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 90, 555-565. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(01)00197-0
  22. Wills, J.A.B., Wyatt T.A. and Lee, B.E. (1998), Chapter 4, "Warnings of high winds in densely populated areas" in Forecasts and warnings, U.K. National Coordination Committee for the IDNDR and Thomas Telford Publishing, London, U.K.

Cited by

  1. Fragility curves for building envelope components subject to windborne debris impact vol.107-108, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2012.05.005
  2. Computational Fluid Dynamics for urban physics: Importance, scales, possibilities, limitations and ten tips and tricks towards accurate and reliable simulations vol.91, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.015
  3. The computational fluid dynamics modelling of the autorotation of square, flat plates vol.46, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2013.12.006
  4. Probabilistic procedure for wood-frame roof sheathing panel debris impact to windows in hurricanes vol.35, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.11.009
  5. Building envelope failure assessment framework for residential communities subjected to hurricanes vol.51, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.01.027
  6. Performance-Based Comparison of Different Storm Mitigation Techniques for Residential Buildings vol.142, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001469
  7. An investigation of plate-type windborne debris flight using coupled CFD–RBD models. Part II: Free and constrained flight vol.111, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2012.07.011
  8. Tracking the 6-DOF Flight Trajectory of Windborne Debris Using Stereophotogrammetry vol.4, pp.4, 2010, https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures4040066
  9. Risk and Resilience Analysis of Public Civil Buildings Against Shelling with Explosive Sources in Urban Contexts vol.5, pp.2, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1007/s41125-019-00046-9
  10. Review of Literature on Performance of Coastal Residential Buildings under Hurricane Conditions and Lessons Learned vol.34, pp.6, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0001509