Smart Structures and Systems

  • 제6권5_6호
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  • Pages.675-687
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  • 2010
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  • 1738-1584(pISSN)
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  • 1738-1991(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
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Ultra low-power active wireless sensor for structural health monitoring

  • Zhou, Dao (Center for Embedded Systems for Critical Applications (CESCA), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University) ;
  • Ha, Dong Sam (Center for Embedded Systems for Critical Applications (CESCA), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University) ;
  • Inman, Daniel J. (Center for Intelligent Material Systems and Structures (CIMSS), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University)
  • 투고 : 2009.10.14
  • 심사 : 2010.02.20
  • 발행 : 2010.07.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is the science and technology of monitoring and assessing the condition of aerospace, civil and mechanical infrastructures using a sensing system integrated into the structure. Impedance-based SHM measures impedance of a structure using a PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate) patch. This paper presents a low-power wireless autonomous and active SHM node called Autonomous SHM Sensor 2 (ASN-2), which is based on the impedance method. In this study, we incorporated three methods to save power. First, entire data processing is performed on-board, which minimizes radio transmission time. Considering that the radio of a wireless sensor node consumes the highest power among all modules, reduction of the transmission time saves substantial power. Second, a rectangular pulse train is used to excite a PZT patch instead of a sinusoidal wave. This eliminates a digital-to-analog converter and reduces the memory space. Third, ASN-2 senses the phase of the response signal instead of the magnitude. Sensing the phase of the signal eliminates an analog-to-digital converter and Fast Fourier Transform operation, which not only saves power, but also enables us to use a low-end low-power processor. Our SHM sensor node ASN-2 is implemented using a TI MSP430 microcontroller evaluation board. A cluster of ASN-2 nodes forms a wireless network. Each node wakes up at a predetermined interval, such as once in four hours, performs an SHM operation, reports the result to the central node wirelessly, and returns to sleep. The power consumption of our ASN-2 is 0.15 mW during the inactive mode and 18 mW during the active mode. Each SHM operation takes about 13 seconds to consume 236 mJ. When our ASN-2 operates once in every four hours, it is estimated to run for about 2.5 years with two AAA-size batteries ignoring the internal battery leakage.

키워드

참고문헌

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