보존과학회지 (Journal of Conservation Science)

  • 제26권3호
  • /
  • Pages.213-228
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  • 2010
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  • 1225-5459(pISSN)
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  • 2287-9781(eISSN)
한국문화재보존과학회 (The Korean Society Of Conservation Science For Cultural Heritage)
권호 표지

한국 전통 도자기의 화학 조성에 대한 연구 (I): 고려청자와 고려백자

A Study of the Chemical Composition of Korean Traditional Ceramics (I): Celadon and Kory$\v{o}$ Whiteware

  • Koh, Kyong-Shin Carolyn (Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Choo, Woong-Kil (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) ;
  • Ahn, Sang-Doo (Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Lee, Young-Eun (Collection Department, Gyeonggi Provincial Museum) ;
  • Kim, Gyu-Ho (Department of Cultural Heritage Conservation Science, Kongju National University) ;
  • Lee, Yeon-Sook (Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University)
  • 투고 : 2010.05.06
  • 심사 : 2010.06.10
  • 발행 : 2010.09.20
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초록

중국 도자기에 대한 과학적 연구는 화학적 성분분석을 중심으로 18세기부터 구라파에서 지속적으로 이루어졌으며, 중국내에서는 1950년대부터 시작되었다. 반면에 한국도자기의 경우는 1980년대에 미국과 독일에서 연구가 이루어지고 한국내에서 체계적 연구는 1990년대부터 시작되었다. 이와 같은 도자기 연구는 많은 분석 결과들이 축적됨에 따라 여러 도요지들을 서로 비교하고 중국의 분석 결과와도 비교가 가능하게 되었다. 이 논문에서는 고려청자와 고려백자를 생산도요지와 발굴층위 등에 따라 각각 21그룹과 10그룹으로 나누어서, 성분결과들을 비교 관찰하였다. 각 그룹의 태토와 유약의 성분은 일반적으로 3~5편을 분석하고 그들의 분석값을 평균하였다. 비교 결과에서 한국도자기의 태토는 월주요와 경덕진요와 같은 중국 남방에서 사용되고 있는 운모-석영계의 도석으로 만든 것으로 나타나며, 유약도 중국과 유사하게 점토와 나무재, 그리고 석회석 종류의 용융재를 혼합하여 만든 것으로 추정된다. 특히, 석회석은 처음에 태워서 사용하다가 고려말기에 이르러 분말상태로 사용하는 경우가 많아지는 경향을 보인다. 월주요에서 사용한 유약은 몸체를 만든 태토를 섞은 것에 비하여 강진 청자의 유약은 백자를 만들 수 있는 점토를 사용하였기 때문에, 산화 티타늄의 함량이 현저하게 적게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있다. 이 논문의 방법과 결과들을 토대로 앞으로 이루어질 많은 발굴과 분석 자료들이 계속 축적될 수 있다면 더욱 좋은 비교 연구가 가능 할 것이다.

The composition of Chinese ceramic shards has been the subject of analysis in Europe, beginning in the 18th century, and in China from the 1950s. Scientific studies of traditional Korean shards commenced in the United States and Germany in the 1980s, and studies within Korea began in the 1990s. From analysis of a large systematically collected dataset, the composition of porcelain produced during the Kory. dynasty, including 21 celadon and 10 whiteware groups, was characterized and compared with that of Chinese ceramics. The average composition of the body and glaze of several shards (usually three to five) from each group was determined, enabling comparisons between groups. The results show that the majority of groups were derived from mica-quartz porcelain stone, which was commonly used in Yuezhou, Jingdezhen, and other southern Chinese kilns. The composition of glazes includes clay and flux components; the latter were typically wood ash and limestone, initially as burnt but later as crushed forms. The earliest of the Kangjin glazes contained substantially less titanium oxide than did the Yuezhou glazes, which were typically formulated from body material and wood ash. The present study provides a comparative framework for the growing number of analytical investigations associated with excavations occurring in Korea.

키워드

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