Structual Observation of Fruit Skin and Influence of Rainfall Inducing Fruit Cracking in 'Sato Nishiki' Sweet Cherry

체리 '좌등금'의 과실표면 구조 관찰과 강우가 열과발생에 미치는 영향

  • Yoon, Ik-Koo (National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Nam, Eun-Young (National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Shin, Yong-Uk (National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Yun, Seok-Kyu (National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Moon, Byung-Woo (M.Horticultural Technique Research Institute) ;
  • Choi, Cheol (Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kang, Hee-Kyoung (Department of Horticulture, Kongju National University)
  • Received : 2010.11.09
  • Accepted : 2010.12.01
  • Published : 2010.12.31

Abstract

Fruit cracking of sweet cherry fruit due to rain near harvest is a major source of crop loss in the cherry industry. The objection of this study was to understand the sweet cherry fruit cracking. Depending on the year, the disorder is characterized by a cracking of the outside layer of the cherry skin, as called cuticle. The crackings were appeared around the stem end, where water could accumulate, but was also seen fruit side or apical end. The cracking was observed mostly in the fruit apical end in 2004 and around the stem end in the other years. It had more rainfall at early season of fruit growth, early May, in 2004 and 2006 compared to other years. Those years showed higher rates of the fruit cracking occurrence. The hypodermal layer was examined on cracking susceptible cultivar, 'Sato Nishiki' from young to mature fruit cuticle. The hypodermal layers of the stem end area were decreased by one to two layers and fruit apical end area was cracked as fruit development. When fruits were immersed in distilled water, the larger fruit (> 6 g) had more cracking ratio than smaller fruits (< 4.5 g).

체리는 과실성숙기 강우로 인해 해에 따라 열과가 심하게 발생하여 재배 상 문제가 되고 있어 해(2004~2007)에 따른 강우와 열과발생과의 관계와 체리 '좌등금'의 과실표면 관찰 및 과실 크기에 따른 열과반응을 알아본 결과는 다음과 같다. 과실의 열과 형태는 과경부, 과정부 및 측면 열과로 관찰되었고 발생양상은 해에 따라 다르게 나타났는데, 2004년은 과정부열과가 2005~2007년은 과경부열과가 많았다. 열과발생이 많았던 2004년(31.8%)과 2006년(28.6%)은 열과 발생이 낮았던 해에 비하여 5월 상순 강우량이 현저히 많았다. '좌등금'의 과피조직 특성중 아표피층은 유과기인 만개후 15일에는 2~3층 이었고 성숙기인 만개후 35일에는 1~2층으로 매우 얇았으며 열과가 많이 일어나는 과경부에는 큐티클층이 그리고 과정부에는 꽃이 탈락되어 생긴 코르크에서 미세균열 현상이 관찰되었다. 과실크기별 구분하여 물에 침지하였을 때 큰 과실(6g 이상)에서 작은 과실(4.5g 이하)에 비하여 열과반응 시간이 빨랐고 열과율도 높았다.

Keywords

References

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