DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Suppressive Effect of Aqueous Extract of Red-Ginseng on the Herbicide-induced DNA Damage and Hemolysis

  • Seo, Yoo-Na (Department of Medical Biotechnology, SoonChunHyang University) ;
  • Lee, Mi-Young (Department of Medical Biotechnology, SoonChunHyang University)
  • Received : 2010.10.31
  • Accepted : 2010.11.22
  • Published : 2010.12.31

Abstract

The effects of aqueous extracts of red ginseng on the damage of DNA and erythrocyte by herbicides were evaluated using comet assay and hemolysis assay. Notably, the oxidative DNA damage and erytbrocyte hemolysis by 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 2,4,5-T (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid) were significantly suppressed by red ginseng treatment. Moreover, red ginseng could suppress significantly paraquat-induced oxidative DNA damage and hemolysis. These suppressive effects of red ginseng on the herbicide-induced damages might be due to the antioxidant components.

Keywords

References

  1. Bertazzi PA, Consonni D, Bachetti S, Rubagotti M, Baccarelli A, Zocchetti C, and Pesatori AC (2001) Health effects on dioxin exposure: a 20-year mortality study. Am J Epidemiol 153, 1031-1044. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/153.11.1031
  2. Cho YK, Sung H, Lee HJ, Joo CH, and Cho GJ (2001) Long-term intake of Korean red ginseng in HIV-1-infected patients: development of resistance mutation to zidovudine is delayed. Int Immunopharmacol 1, 1295-1305. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1567-5769(01)00061-3
  3. Cho YK, Sung HS, Kim TK, Lim JY, Jung YS, and Kang SM (2004) Korean red ginseng significantly slows CD4 T cell depletion over 10 years in HIV-1 infected patients: Association with HLA. J Ginseng Res 28, 173-182. https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2004.28.4.173
  4. Garaj-Vrhovac V, Gajski G, Trosi I, and Pavici I (2009) Evaluation of basal DNA damage and oxidative stress in Wistar rat leukocytes after exposure to microwave radiation. Toxicology 259, 107-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2009.02.008
  5. Hansen SL, Purup S, and Christensen LP (2003) Bioactivity of falcarinol and the influence of processing and storage on its content in carrots (Daucus carota L). J Sci Food Agric 83, 1010-1017. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1442
  6. Hartwig A (2002) Role of DNA repair in particle-and fiber-induced lung injury. Inhal Toxicol 14, 91-100. https://doi.org/10.1080/089583701753338659
  7. Hebbel RP, Leung A, and Mohandas N (1990) Oxidation-induced changes in microrheologic properties of the red blood cell membrane. Blood 76, 1015-1020.
  8. Hong B, Ji YH, Hong JH, Nam KY, and Ahn TY (2002) A double-blind crossover study evaluating the efficacy of Korean red ginseng in patients with erectile dysfunction: a preliminary report. J Urol 168, 2070-2073. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)64298-X
  9. Huang D, Ou B, and Prior RL (2005) The chemistry behind antioxidant capacity assays. J Agric Food Chem 53, 1841-1856. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf030723c
  10. Huff JE, Salmon AG, Hooper NK, and Zeise L (1990) Long term carcinogenesis studies on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins. Cell Biol Toxicol 7, 67-94.
  11. Ibrahim MA, Bond GG, Burke TA, Cole P, Dost FN, Enterline PE, Gough M, Greenberg RS, Halperin WE, McConnell E, Munro IC, Swenberg JA, Zahm SH, and Graham JD (1991) Weight of the evidence on the human carcinogenicity of 2,4-D. Environ Health Perspect 96, 213-222.
  12. Katsu T, Kuroko M, Morikawa T, Sancika K, Fujita Y, Yamamura H, and Uda M (1989) Mechanism of membrane damage induced by the amphipathic peptides gramicidin S and melittin. Biochim Biophys Acta 983, 135-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2736(89)90226-5
  13. Kim JH and Nah SY (2005) Effect of ginsenoside total saponins on experimental irritable bowel syndrome in rats. J Ginseng Res 29, 94-99. https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2005.29.2.094
  14. Lee EM, Lee SY, Lee WS, Kang JS, Han ES, Go SY, Sheen YY, Kim SH, and Park SN (2007) Genetic toxicity test of o-nitrotoluene by ames, micronucleus, comet assays and microarray analysis. Mol Cell Toxicol 3, 107-112.
  15. Li SQ, Zhu RR, Zhu H, Xue M, Sun XY, Yao SD, and Wang SL (2008) Nanotoxicity of $TiO_2$ nanoparticles to erythrocyte in vitro. Food Chem Toxicol 46, 3626-3631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.09.012
  16. Murakami H, Tsushima S, and Shishido Y (2000) Soil suppressiveness to clubroot disease of Chinese cabbage caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae. Soil Biol Biochem 32, 1637-1642. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00079-1
  17. Ortiz-Ortiz MA, Moran JM, Ruiz-Mesa LM, Bravo-San Pedro JM, and Fuentes JM (2010) Paraquat exposure induces nuclear translocation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and the activation of the nitric oxide-GAPDH-Siah cell death cascade. Toxicol Sci 116, 614-622. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfq146
  18. Ossowska K, Smiałowska M, Kuter K, Wierońska J, Zieba B, Wardas J, Nowak P, Dabrowska J, Bortel A, Biedka I, Schulze G, and Rommelspacher H (2006) Degeneration of dopaminergic mesocortical neurons and activation of compensatory processes induced by a long-term paraquat administration in rats: implications for Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience 141, 2155-2165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.05.039
  19. Park EJ, Ryoo KK, Lee YB, Lee JK, and Lee MY (2005) Protective effect of electrolyzed reduced water on the paraquatinduced oxidative damage of human lymphocyte DNA. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem 48, 155-160.
  20. Pesatori AC, Consonni D, Bachetti S, Zocchetti C, Bonzini M, Baccarelli A, and Bertazzi PA (2003) Short- and long-term morbidity and mortality in the population exposed to dioxin after the "Seveso accident". Ind Health 41, 127-138. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.41.127
  21. Pongtip S and Siripen J (2009) Antioxidant activity of Acanthopanax trifoliatus. Med Princ Pract 18, 393-398. https://doi.org/10.1159/000226294
  22. Ranjbar A, Pasalar P, Sedighi A, and Abdollahi M (2002) Induction of oxidative stress in paraquat formulating workers. Toxicol Lett 131, 191-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4274(02)00033-4
  23. Schecter A, Needham L, Pavuk M, Michalek J, Colacino J, Ryan J, Papke O, and Birnbaum L (2009) Agent orange exposure, Vietnam war veterans, and the risk of prostate. Cancer 115, 3369-3371. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.24365
  24. Seo YN and Lee MY (2009) Enhanced protective effect of ultrafine particles of red-ginseng against phenanthrene-induced cell damage. J Ginseng Res 33, 305-310. https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2009.33.4.305
  25. Shin HR, Kim JY, Yun TK, Morgan G, and Vainio H (2000) The cancer-preventive potential of Panax ginseng: a review of human and experimental evidence. Canc Causes Contr 11, 565-576. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008980200583
  26. Singh NP, McCoy MT, Tice RR, and Schneider EL (1988) A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Exp Cell Res 175, 184-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4827(88)90265-0
  27. Suh SO, Boo YJ, Park JM, and Kim J (2007) Prospective study for Korean red ginseng extract as an immune modulator following a curative surgery in patients with advanced colon cancer. J Ginseng Res 31, 54-59. https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2007.31.1.054
  28. Sul DG, Oh SN, and Lee EI (2008) The expression of DNA polymerase-a and DNA damage in Jurkat cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide under hyperbaric pressure. Mol Cell Toxicol 4, 66-71.
  29. Tuschl H and Schwab C (2003) Cytotoxic effects of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in HepG2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 41, 385-393. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00238-7
  30. Yang MC, Kwon HC, Kim YJ, Lee KR, and Yang HO (2010) Oploxynes A and B, polyacetylenes from the stems of Oplopanax elatus. J Nat Prod 73, 801-805. https://doi.org/10.1021/np900628j
  31. Zetterberg G (1978) Genetic effects of phenoxy acids on microorganisms. Ecol Bull (Stockholm) 27, 193-204.