KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE (한국작물학회지)

The Korean Society of Crop Science (한국작물학회)
권호 표지

Difference of Ginsenoside Yields in Red Ginseng Parts According to Extraction Time at Low Temperature

저온에서 추출시간에 따른 홍삼 부위별 ginsenoside 함량 비교

  • Han, Jin-Soo (College of Agric. & Life Science, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Kang, Sun-Joo (College of Agric. & Life Science, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Nam, Ki-Yeul (College of Agric. & Life Science, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Choi, Jae-Eul (College of Agric. & Life Science, Chungnam National University)
  • 한진수 (충남대학교 농업생명과학대학) ;
  • 강선주 (충남대학교 농업생명과학대학) ;
  • 남기열 (충남대학교 농업생명과학대학) ;
  • 최재을 (충남대학교 농업생명과학대학)
  • Received : 2010.08.03
  • Published : 2010.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this study, the contents of ginsenoside were compared according to the red ginseng extract times to provide basic information for developing nutraceutical foods using red ginseng. The highest total ginsenoside contents of the main, lateral, and fine root extracts were 23.04, 65.68, and 295.92 mg/100 mL when extracted at $75^{\circ}C$ for 21, 18, and 12 hours, respectively. The total ginsenoside content showed a tendency to decrease as the extraction times were increased. The highest Rb1 and Rg1 contents of the main, lateral, and fine root extracts were 5.76, 28.39, and 117.83 mg/100 mL when extracted at $75^{\circ}C$ for 18, 15, and, 12 hours, respectively, and their highest Rb2 and Re contents were 5.76, 28.39, and 117.83 when extracted under the same conditions. The prosapogenin content of the red ginseng extract increased along with the extraction time. The highest total ginsenoside extraction ratios of the main, lateral, and fine root extracts of the red ginseng at $75^{\circ}C$ were 21.3, 21.1, and 67.1%, respectively.

본 연구는 홍삼의 가능성 식품개발을 위한 기초 자료로 활용하기 위하여 추출 시간에 따른 홍삼 부위별 ginsenoside의 함량 변화를 비교하였다. 동체, 지근 및 세근의 총 ginsenoside 최고 함량은 동제 21시간, 지근 18시간, 세근 12시간 추출하였을 때 각각 23.04, 65.68 295.92 mg/100 ml이었고, 추출시간이 증가할수록 ginsenoside의 총량은 감소하였다. Ginsenoside $Rg_1$과 $Rb_1$의 최고 함량은 동제 21시간, 지근 15시간, 세근 12시간 추출하였을 때 각각 5.76, 28.39, 117.83 mg/100 ml 이었고, $Rb_2$와 Re의 함량은 동체 21시간, 지근 18시간, 세근 9시간 추출하였을 때 각각 5.76, 28.39, 117.83 mg/100 ml이었다. 홍삼으로부터의 총 ginsenoside의 추출비율은 동체 21.3%, 지근 21.1%, 세근 67.1%이었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, I. O., S. S. Lee, J. H. Lee, M. J. Lee and B. G. Jo. 2008. Comparison of ginsenoside contents and pattern similarity between root parts of new cultivars in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. J. Ginseng Res. 32(1): 15-18. https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2008.32.1.015
  2. Attele, A. S., Y. P. Zhou, J. T. Xie, J. A. Wu, L. Zhang, L. Dey, W. Pugh, P. A. Rue, K. S. Polonsky, and C. S. Yuan. 2002. Antidiabetic effects of Panax ginseng berry extract and the identification of an effective component. Diabetes 51: 1851-1858. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.6.1851
  3. Chang, M. S., K. J. Choi and H. M. Rho. 1999. Effect of the contents ratio of panaxadiol ginsenosides extracted from various compartment of ginseng on the transcription of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene. J. Ginseng Res. 23(1): 44-49.
  4. Cheng, Y., L. H. Shen, and J. T. Zhang. 2005. Anti-amnestic and anti-aging effects of ginsenoside $Rg_{1}$ and $Rg_{1}$ and its mechanism of action. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 26: 143-149. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7254.2005.00034.x
  5. Cho, W. C., W. S. Chung, S. K. Lee, A. W. Leung, C. H. Cheng, and K. K. Yue. 2006. Ginsenoside Re of Panax ginseng possesses significant antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic efficacies in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 550: 173-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.08.056
  6. Choi J. E., X. G. Li, Y. H. Han and K. T. Lee. 2009. Changes of saponin contents of leaves, stems and flower-buds of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer by harvesting days. Korean J. Med. Crop Sci. 17: 251-256.
  7. Jang, J. G., K. S. Lee, D. W. Kwon and H. K. Oh. 1987. Chemical compositions of Korean ginseng with special reference to the part of ginseng plant. Korean J. Ginseng Sci. 11(1): 84-89.
  8. Jung, I. K., S. Y. Lee, I. H. Park, and J. H. Cheong. 2005. Anti-stress activities of ginsenoside $Rg_{1}$ is related with GABAnergic Neuron. J. Appl. Pharmacol. 13: 165-173.
  9. Kim, G. S., D. Y. Hyun, Y. O. Kim, S. W. Lee, Y. C. Kim, S. E. Lee, Y. D. Son, M. J. Lee, C. B. Park, H. K. Park, S. W. Cha and K. S. Song, 2008. Extraction and preprocessing methods for ginsenosides analysis of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Korean J. Med. Crop Sci. 16: 446-454.
  10. Kim, W. Y., J. M Kim, S. B. Han, S. K. Lee, N. D. Kim, M. K. Park. 2000 Steaming of ginseng at high temperature enhances biological actibity. J. Nat. Prod. 63: 1702-1704. https://doi.org/10.1021/np990152b
  11. Lee, S. H., J. I. Kang and S. Y. Lee 2008. Saponin composition and physico-chemical properties of Korean red ginseng extract as affected by extracting conditions. J. Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 37 : 256-260. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.2.256
  12. Lee, H. U., E. A. Bae, M. J. Han, and D. H. Kim. 2005. Hepatoprotective effect of 20(S)-ginsenosides $Rg_{3}$ and its metabolite 20(S)-ginsenoside $Rg_{2}$ on tert -butyl hydroperoxide-induced liver injury. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 28: 1992-1994. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.28.1992
  13. Lee, S. Y., G. T. Kim, S. H. Roh, J. S. Song, H. J. Kim, S. S. Hong, S. W. Kwon, and J. H. Park. 2009. Proteomic analysis of the anti-cancer effect of 20S-ginsenoside $Rg_3$ in human colon cancer cell lines. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 73: 811-816. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.80637
  14. Li X., J. S. Han, Y. J. Park, S. J. Kang, J. S. Kim, K. Y. Nam, K. T. Lee and J. E. Choi. 2009a Extracting conditions for promoting ginscnoside contents and taste of red ginseng water extract. Korean J. Crop Sci. 54 :287-293.
  15. Li, X., Kang, S. J., Han, J. S., Kim, J. S., Choi, J. E. 2009b Effects of root diameter within different root parts on ginsenoside composition of Yunpoong cultivar in Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Korean J. Med. Crop Sci. 17(6): 452-457.
  16. Shi W, Y. T. Wang, J. Li, HQ. Zhang and L. Ding 2007. Investigation of ginsenosides in different parts and ages of Panax ginseng. Food Chem. 102:664-668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.05.053
  17. Tang, W. Y., Y. Zhang, J. Gao, X. Y. Ding, and S. Gao. 2008. The anti-fatigue effect of 20(R)-ginsenoside $Rg_{3}$ in mice by intranasally administration. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 31: 2024-2027. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.31.2024
  18. Xie, J. T., S. R. Mehendale, X. M. Li, R. Quigg, X. Y. Wang, C. Z. Wang, J. A. Wu, H. H. Aung, P. A. Rue, G. I. Bell, and C. S. Yuan. 2005. Anti-diabetic effect of ginsenoside Re in ob/ob mice. Bioc. et Biophy. Acta 1740: 319-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.10.010
  19. Yang, B. W., S. T. Han, and S. K. Ko. 2006. Quantitative analysis of ginsenosides in red ginseng extracted under various temperature and time. Kor. J. Pharmacogn. 37: 217-220.
  20. Yokozawa, T., T. Kobayashi, H. Oura, and Y. Kawashima. 1985. Studies on the mechanism of the hypoglycemic activity of ginsenoside-$Rg_{2}$ in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 33: 869-872. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.33.869
  21. 식품의약품안전청. 2008. 건강기능식품공전 해설서 pp. 75-78