Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

  • 제48권4호
  • /
  • Pages.291-295
  • /
  • 2010
  • /
  • 2982-5164(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1738-0006(eISSN)
대한기생충학·열대의학회 (The Korea Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Transcriptional Activity of Plasmodium Subtilisin-like Protease 2 (Pf-Sub2)5' Untranslated Regions and Its Interaction with Hepatocyte Growth Factor

  • Liao, Shunyao (Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine) ;
  • Liu, Yunqiang (Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine) ;
  • Jung, Suk-Yul (Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Namseoul University) ;
  • Cho, Pyo-Yun (Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine) ;
  • Zheng, Bing (Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine) ;
  • Park, Hyun (Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine)
  • 투고 : 2010.06.22
  • 심사 : 2010.10.03
  • 발행 : 2010.12.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

The onset, severity, and ultimate outcome of malaria infection are influenced by parasite-expressed virulence factors and individual host responses to these determinants, In both humans and mice, liver injury is involved after parasite entry, which persists until the erythrocyte stage after infection with the fatal strain Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has strong anti-apoptotic effects in various kinds of cells, and also has diverse metabolic functions. In this work, Pf-subtilisin-like protease 2 (Pf-Sub2) 5' untranslated region (UTR) was analyzed and its transcriptional activity was estimated by luciferase expression. Fourteen TATA boxes were observed but only one Oct-1 and c-Myb were done. In addition, host HGF interaction with Pf-Sub2 was evaluated by co-transfection of HGF- and Pf-Sub2-cloned vector. Interestingly, -1,422/+12 UTR exhibited the strongest luciferase activity but -329 to + 12 UTR did not exhibit luciferase activity. Moreover, as compared with the control of unexpressed HGF, the HGF protein suppressed luciferase expression driven by the 5' untranslated region of the Pf-Sub2 promoter. Taken together, it is suggested that HGF controls and interacts with the promoter region of the Pf-Sub2 gene.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Kooij TW, Janse CJ, Waters AP. Plasmodium post-genomics: better the bug you know? Nat Rev Microbiol 2006; 4: 344-357. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro1392
  2. Fortin A, Stevenson MM, Gros P. Complex genetic control of susceptibility to malaria in mice. Genes Immun 2002; 3: 177-186. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.gene.6363841
  3. Griffith JW, O'Connor C, Bernard K, Town T, Goldstein DR, Bucala R Toll-like receptor modulation of murine cerebral malaria is dependent on the genetic background of the host. J Infect Dis 2007; 196: 1553-1564. https://doi.org/10.1086/522865
  4. Millington OR, Gibson VB, Rush CM, Zinselmeyer BH, Phillips RS, Garside P, et al. Malaria impairs T cell clustering and immune priming despite normal signal 1 from dendritic cells. PLoS Pathog 2007; 3: 1380-1387.
  5. Min-Oo G, Fortin A, Pitari G, Tam M, Stevenson MM, Gros P. Complex genetic control of susceptibility to malaria: positional cloning of the Char 9 locus. J Exp Med 2007; 204: 511-524.
  6. Burt RA. Genetics of host response to malaria. lnt J Parasitol 1999; 29: 973-979. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519(99)00054-5
  7. Mikolajczak SA, Kappe SH. A clash to conquer: the malaria parasite liver infection. Mol Microbiol 2006; 62: 1499-1506. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05470.x
  8. Morosan S, Hez-Deroubaix S, Lunel F, Renia L, Giannini C, Van RN, et al. Liver-Stage Development of Plasmodium falciparum in a Humanized Mouse Model. J Infect Dis 2006; 193: 996-1004. https://doi.org/10.1086/500840
  9. Prudencio M, Rodriguez A, Mota MM. The silent path to thousands of merozoites: the Plasmodium liver stage. Nat Rev Microbioi 2006; 4: 849-856. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro1529
  10. Carrolo M, Giordano S, Cabrita-Santos L, Corso S, Vigario AM, Silva S, et al. Hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor are required for malaria infection. Nat Med 2003; 9: 1363-1369. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm947
  11. Adachi K, Tsutsui H, Kashiwamura S, Seki E, Nakano H, Takeuchi O, et al. Plasmodium berghei infection in mice induces liver injury by an IL-12- and Toll-like receptor/myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent mechanism. J Immunol 2001; 167: 5928-5934. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.167.10.5928
  12. Joshi YK, Tandon BN, Acharya SK, Babu S, Tandon M. Acute hepatic failure due to Plasmodium falciparum liver injury. Liver 1986; 6: 357-360.
  13. Yoshimoto T, Takahama Y, Wang CR Yoneto T, Waki S, Nariuchi H. A pathogenic role of IL-12 in blood-stage murine malaria lethal strain Plasmodium berghei NK65 infection. J Immunol 1998; 160: 5500-5505.
  14. Chisari FV, Ferrari C. Hepatitis B virus immunopathogenesis. Annu Rev Immunol 1995; 13: 29-60. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.iy.13.040195.000333
  15. Goljan J, Nahorski W, Felczak-Korzybska I, Gorski J, Myjak P. Liver injury in the course of malaria. Int Marit Health 2000; 51: 30-39.
  16. Howell SA, Well I, Fleck SL, Kettleborough C, Collins CR Blackman MJ. A single malaria merozoite serine protease mediates shedding of multiple surface proteins by juxtamembrane cleavage. J Biol Chem 2003; 278: 23890-23898. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M302160200
  17. Harris PK, Yeoh S, Dluzewski AR O'Donnell RA, Withers-Martinez C, Hackett F, et al. Molecular identification of a malaria merozoite surface sheddase. PLoS Pathog 2005; 1: 241-251.
  18. O'Donnell RA, Hackett F, Howell SA, Treeck M, Struck N, Krnajski Z, et al. Intramembrane proteolysis mediates shedding of a key adhesin during erythrocyte invasion by the malaria parasite. J Cell Biol 2006; 174: 1023-1033. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200604136
  19. Uzureau P, Barale JC, Janse CI, Waters AP, Breton CB. Gene targeting demonstrates that the Plasmodium berghei subtilisin PbSUB2 is essential for red cell invasion and reveals spontaneous genetic recombination events. Cell Microbiol 2004; 6: 65-78. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1462-5822.2003.00343.x
  20. Mota MM, Pradel G, Vanderberg JP, Hafalla JCR Frevert U, Nussenzweig RS, et al. Migration of Plasmodium Sporozoites Through Cells Before Infection. Science 2001; 291: 141-144. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.291.5501.141
  21. Rong S, Segal S, Anver M, Resau JH, Van Woude GF. Invasiveness and metastasis of NIH 3T3 cells induced by Met-hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor autocrine stimulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 4731-4735. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.11.4731
  22. Jeffers M, Rong S, Ariver M, Vande Woude GF. Autocrine hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor-Met signaling induces transformation and the invasive/metastatic phenotype in C127 cells. Oncogene 1996; 13: 853-856.
  23. van Noort V, Huynen MA. Combinatorial gene regulation in Plasmodium falciparum. Trends Genet 2006; 22: 73-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2005.12.002
  24. Gunasekera AM, Myrick A, Militello KT, Sims JS, Dong CK, Gierahn T, et al. Regulatory motifs uncovered among gene expression clusters in Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2007; 153: 19-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molbiopara.2007.01.011
  25. Lanzer M, Wertheimer SP, de Bruin D, Ravetch N. Plasmodium: control of gene expression in malaria parasites. Exp Parasitol 1993; 77: 121-128. https://doi.org/10.1006/expr.1993.1068
  26. Wickham ME, Thompson JK, Cowman AF. Characterisation of the merozoite surface protein-2 promoter using stable and transient transfection in Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2003; 129: 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-6851(03)00118-X
  27. Ruvalcaba-Salazar OK, del Carmen Ramirez-Estudillo M, MontielCondado D, Recillas-Targa F, Vargas M, Hernandez-Rivas R. Recombinant and native Plasmodium falciparum TATA-binding-protein binds to a specific TATA box element in promoter regions. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2005; 140: 183-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molbiopara.2005.01.002
  28. Crabb BS, Cowman AF. Characterization of promoters and stable transfection by homologous and nonhomologous recombination in Plasmodium falciparum. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1996; 93: 7289-7294. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.14.7289
  29. Pace T, Olivieri A, Sanchez M, Albanesi V, Picci L, Siden KI, et al. Set regulation in asexual and sexual Plasmodium parasites reveals a novel mechanism of stage-specific expression. Mol Microbiol 2006; 60: 870-882. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05141.x
  30. Myrick A, Munasinghe A, Patankar S, Wirth DF. Mapping of the Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance gene upstream region, and evidence of induction of transcript levels by antimalarial drugs in chloroquine sensitive parasites. Mol Microbiol 2003; 49: 671-683.
  31. Calderwood MS, Gannoun-Zaki L, Wellems TE, Deitsch KW. Plasmodium falciparum var genes are regulated by two regions with separate promoters, one upstream of the coding region and a second within the intron. J Biol Chem 2003; 278: 34125-34132. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M213065200
  32. Voss TS, Healer J, Marty AI, DuffY MF, Thompson JK, Beeson JG, et al. A var gene promoter controls allelic exclusion of virulence genes in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Nature 2006; 439: 1004- 1008.
  33. Duffy MF, Tham WHo Transcription and coregulation of multigene families in Plasmodium falciparum. Trends Parasitol 2007; 23: 183-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2007.02.010