Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

The Korean Pediatric Society (대한소아청소년과학회)
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Respiratory syncytial virus infection cases in congenital heart disease patients

선천성심장병 환아에서의 Respiratory syncytial virus 감염례 관찰

  • 심우섭 (부천세종병원 소아청소년과) ;
  • 이재영 (가톨릭대학교 서울성모병원 소아청소년과) ;
  • 송진영 (부천세종병원 소아청소년과) ;
  • 김수진 (부천세종병원 소아청소년과) ;
  • 김성혜 (부천세종병원 소아청소년과) ;
  • 장소익 (부천세종병원 소아청소년과) ;
  • 최은영 (부천세종병원 소아청소년과)
  • Received : 2009.10.28
  • Accepted : 2010.03.02
  • Published : 2010.03.15
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Abstract

Purpose : Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the main pathogens causing lower respiratory infections (LRI) in young children, usually of limited severity. However, in congenital heart disease (CHD) patients, one of the high-risk groups for RSV infection, RSV can cause serious illnesses and fatal results. To elucidate the effects of RSV infection in CHD patients, we observed RSV infection cases among CHD patients and non-CHD patients. Methods : On admission of 343 LRI patients over 3 years, 77 cases of RSV infection were detected by the RSV antigen rapid test of nasopharyngeal secretion. We compared RSV infection cases among groups of CHD and non-CHD patients. Results : During the winter season, RSV caused 20-0% of LRI admissions in children. In patients with completely repaired simple left to right (L-R) shunt diseases such as ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus, RSV infections required short admission days similar to non-CHD patients. In patients with repaired CHD other than simple L-R shunt CHD, for whom some significant hemodynamic problems remained, RSV infection required long admission days with severe clinical course. In children with unrepaired CHD, RSV infection mostly occurred in early infant age, with long admission days. RSV infections within a month after cardiac surgery also required long admission days and severe clinical course. Conclusion : To avoid the tragedic outcome of severe RSV infection in the CHD patients, efforts to find the subgroups of CHD patients at high risk to RSV infection are needed, and effective preventive treatment should be applied.

목 적 : RSV는 영아기에 세기관지염이나 폐렴을 일으키는 중요한 요인으로 알려져 있다. 건강한 영아에서는 RSV 감염으로 위중한 병을 일으키는 경우는 드물지만 선천성심장병과 관련된 심부전이나 청색증, 폐동맥고혈압의 상태에 있거나 조산 미숙 등과 관련된 만성폐질환 상태에 있는 영아의 경우 위중한 병을 일으킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 선천성심장병 소아와 비선천성심장병 소아에서 RSV 감염례를 조사하여 RSV 감염이 선천성심장병 환아에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2003년 7월부터 2006년 6월까지 세종병원에 세기관지염이나 폐렴으로 입원한 343례의 환아의 비강 분비물에서 RSV 항원검사를 시행하여 RSV 감염에 의한 하기도염의 연령별 계절별 발생 양상을 조사하였다. RSV 감염된 하기도염 환아들에서 선천성심장병 환아의 여러 경우와 비심장병 환아의 입원 기간, 중환자 치료, 인공환기 치료 등 임상 경과를 비교하였다. 결 과 : RSV에 의한 하기도염은 어린 영아기에 많이 발생하고 있으며 온대지방에서는 겨울철에 유행하는 양상을 보이고 있다. RSV에 의한 하기도염 환아 중 선천성심장병 환아에서 비심장병 환아에 비하여 중증 감염이 많았고 장기입원을 보였다(P <0.01). 비교적 간단한 단순단락 병변인 ASD, PDA, VSD 등의 선천성심장병에서 심장수술로 교정되고 충분히 회복된 환자에서는 RSV에 의한 하기도염에서 비교적 짧은 입원기간과 가벼운 경과를 보여 비심장병 환아와 큰 차이가 없었다. 선천성심장병에 대한 완전교정 수술이나 단계적 고식수술 후에도 감염, 폐동맥고혈압, 판막역류, 혈관협착 등의 원인으로 심폐계에 상당한 문제가 남아있는 경우 RSV 감염시 비심장병 환아에 비하여 장기 입원을 보이고(P <0.01) 중증 경과를 보였다. 교정수술 받지 않은 상태의 선천성심장병을 가진 환아에서는 대부분 6개월 이내의 어린 나이에 RSV에 의한 하기도염이 발생하고 있으며 비심장병 환아에 비하여 장기 입원을 보이고(P <0.01) 중증 경과를 보였다. 선천성심장병 심장수술 후 1개월 이내의 회복기에 병원 감염을 포함하여 상당수의 RSV 감염이 발생하고 있음을 확인하였으며 이들은 심장수술 직후의 면역기능 저하와 관련하여 중증 감염으로 발전할 가능성이 있을 것으로 생각된다. 결 론 : 미교정 상태의 선천성심장병 환아와 교정 후에도 계속 심폐계에 문제가 남아있는 선천성심장병 환아에서 RSV 감염에 의해 중증 경과와 장기 입원이 초래될 수 있다. 선천성심장병 환아에서 이러한 RSV 감염의 피해를 줄이기 위해서는 RSV 감염으로 심각한 위험이 초래 될 수 있는 고위험 세부군의 파악과 이들에 대한 예방 항체 치료 등 적절한 예방 노력이 필요하다.

Keywords

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