References
- AOAC. 1995. Official Methods of Analysis, 16th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington, DC
- Beardsley, D. W. 1964. Symposium on forage utilization: Nutritive value of forage as affected by physical form. Part II. Beef cattle and sheep studies. J. Anim. Sci. 23:239-245
- Clark, P. W. and L. E. Armentano. 1997. Influence of particle size on the effectiveness of beet pulp fiber. J. Dairy Sci. 80:898-904 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)76012-0
- Cummins, K. A., J. E. Nocek and C. E. Polan. 1982. Growth and nitrogen balance of calves fed rations of varying nitrogen degradability and physical form. J. Dairy Sci. 65:773-783 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(82)82266-2
- DeBoever, J. L., D. L. DeBrabander, A. M. DeSmet, J. M. Vanacker and C. V. Boucque. 1993. Evaluation of physical structure. 2. Maize silage. J. Dairy Sci. 76:1624-1634 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77496-2
- Ehle, F. R. 1984. Influence of particle size on determination of fibrous feed components. J. Dairy Sci. 67:1482-1488 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(84)81465-4
- El-Shazly, K., R. R. Johnson, B. A. Dehority and A. L. Moxon. 1961. Biochemical and microscopic comparison of in vivo and in vitro rumen fermentations. J. Anim. Sci. 20:839-843
- Fischer, J. M., J. G. Buchanan, C. Campbell, D. G. Grieve and O. B. Allen. 1994. Effects of forage particle size and long hay for cows fed total mixed rations based on alfalfa and corn. J. Dairy Sci. 77:217-229 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(94)76944-7
- Fluharty, F. L., K. E. McClure, M. B. Solomon, D. D. Clevenger and G. D. Lowe. 1999. Energy source and ionophore supplementation effects on lamb growth, carcass characteristics, visceral organ mass, diet digestibility and nitrogen metabolism. J. Anim. Sci. 77:816-823
- Goering, H. K. and P. J. Van Soest. 1970. Forage fiber analysis (Apparatus, reagent, procedures and some applications). Agric. Handbook, No. 379, ARS-USDA, Washington, DC
- Hadjigeorgiou, I. E., H. J. Gordon and J. A. Milne. 2003. Intake, digestion and selection of roughage with different staple lengths by sheep and goats. Small Rumin. Res. 47:117-132 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(02)00242-0
- Hinders, R. C. and F. G. Owen. 1968. Ruminal and post-ruminal digestion of alfalfa fed as pellets or long hay. J. Dairy Sci. 51:1253-1257 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(68)87167-X
- Hogan, J. P. and R. H. Weston. 1967. The digestion of chopped and ground roughages by sheep. The digestion of nitrogen and some carbohydrate fractions in the stomach and intestine. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 18:803-819 https://doi.org/10.1071/AR9670803
- Hunt, C. W., J. A. Paterson, G. M. Zinn and J. E. Williams. 1984. Effect of particle length and sodium hydroxide treatment of wheat straw on site and extent of digestion by lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 58:1454-1460
- Kerley, M. S., A. R. Kinser, J. L. Firkins and G. C. Fahey. 1985. Effects of roughage particle size on site of nutrient digestion and digesta flow through the gastrointestinal tract of sheep fed corncob-concentrate diets. J. Anim. Sci. 61:504-513
- Krause, K. M. and D. K. Combs. 2003. Effects of forage particle size, forage source and grain fermentability on performance and ruminal pH in midlactation cows. J. Dairy Sci. 86:1382-1397 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73722-9
- Krause, K. M., D. K. Combs and K. A. Beauchemin. 2002. Effects of forage particle size and grain fermentability in midlactation cows. I. Milk production and diet digestibility. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1936-1946 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74270-7
- Lachica, M., J. F. Aguilera and C. Prieto. 1997. Energy expenditure related to the act of eating in Granadina goats given diets of different physical form. Br. J. Nutr. 77:417-426 https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19970042
- Leonardi, C., K. J. Shinners and L. E. Armentano. 2005. Effect of different geometric mean particle length and particle size distribution of oat silage on feeding behavior and productive performance of dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 88:698-710 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)72734-X
- Mooney, C. S. and M. S. Allen. 1997. Physical effectiveness of the neutral detergent fiber of whole linted cottonseed relative to that of alfalfa silage at two lengths of cut. J. Dairy Sci. 80:2052-2061 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)76150-2
- Moore, L. A. 1964. Symposium on forage utilization: Nutritive value of forage as affected by physical form. Part 1. General principles involved with ruminants and effects of feeding pelleted or wafered forage to dairy cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 23:230-238
- NRC. 1985. Nutrient requirements of domestic animals, nutrient requirements of sheep. 6th revised ed. National Research council, Washington, DC
- Osuji, P. O. 1974. The physiology of eating and the energy expenditure of the ruminant at pasture. J. Range Manage. 27: 437-443 https://doi.org/10.2307/3896717
- Santini, F. J., A. R. Hardie, N. A. Jorgensen and M. F. Finner. 1983. Proposed use of adjusted intake based on forage particle length for calculation of roughage indexes. J. Dairy Sci. 66:811-820 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(83)81861-X
- SAS User's Guide. 1998. Statistics, Version 7 ed., SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC
- Shain, D. H., R. A. Stock, T. J. Klopfenstein and D. W. Herold. 1999. The effect of forage source and particle size on finishing yearling steer performance and ruminal metabolism. J. Anim. Sci. 77:1082-1092
- Shaver, R. D., A. J. Nytes, L. D. Satter and N. A. Jorgensen. 1986. Influence of amount of feed intake and forage physical form on digestion and passage of prebloom alfalfa hay in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 69:1545-1559 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(86)80571-9
- Soita, H. W., D. A. Christensen and J. J. McKinnon. 2000. Influence of particle size on the effectiveness of the fiber in barley silage. J. Dairy Sci. 83:2295-2300 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)75116-2
- Stewart, C. S. 1977. Factors affecting the cellulolytic activity of rumen contents. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 33:497-502
- Sudweeks, E. M., L. O. Ely and L. R. Sisk. 1979. Effect of particle size of corn silage on digestibility and rumen fermentation. J. Dairy Sci. 62:292-296 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(79)83238-5
- Thomas, P. C. and J. L. Clapperton. 1972. Significance to the host of changes in fermentation activity. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 31:165-170 https://doi.org/10.1079/PNS19720032
- Thomson, D. J., D. E. Beever, J. F. Coelho da Silva and D. G. Armstrong. 1972. The effect in sheep of physical form on the sites of digestion of a dried Lucerne diet. Br. J. Nutr. 28:31-41 https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19720006
- Waghorn, G. C., C. S. W. Reid, M. J. Ulyatt and A. John. 1986. Feed comminution, particle composition and distribution between the four compartments of the stomach in sheep fed chaffed Lucerne hay at two frequencies and intake levels. J. Agric. Sci. (Cambridge) 106:287-296 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600063875
- Weston, R. H. and J. P. Hogan. 1967. The digestion of chopped and ground roughages by sheep. I. The movement of digesta through the stomach. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 18:789-801 https://doi.org/10.1071/AR9670789
- Woodford, J. A., N. A. Jorgensen and G. P. Barrington. 1986. Impact of dietary fiber and physical form on performance of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 69:1035-1047 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(86)80499-4
- Woodford, S. T. and M. R. Murphy. 1988. Effect of forage physical form on chewing activity, dry matter intake and rumen function of dairy cows in early lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 71:674-686 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(88)79606-X
Cited by
- ) on Behavior Pattern of Growing Hanwoo Steers vol.33, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2013.33.4.290
- Chopped or Long Roughage: What Do Calves Prefer? Using Cross Point Analysis of Double Demand Functions vol.9, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088778
- Dietary forage concentration and particle size affect sorting, feeding behaviour, intake and growth of Chinese holstein male calves vol.100, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12349
- Pelleted-hay alfalfa feed increases sheep wether weight gain and rumen bacterial richness over loose-hay alfalfa feed vol.14, pp.6, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215797
- Effect of supplementing Tsara (Pterocarpus lucens), pigeon pea (Cajanes cajan) leaves and concentrate mixture on carcass characteristics of Begait sheep fed hay as a basal diet vol.10, pp.9, 2010, https://doi.org/10.5897/ijlp2018.0449