청소년 임신에 따른 임산부와 신생아의 주산기 문제점

Obstetric and Neonatal Outcomes of the Teenage Pregnancy

  • 신정희 (고려대학교 의과대학 소아청소년과학) ;
  • ;
  • 윤영선 (고려대학교 의과대학 산부인과학교실) ;
  • 정현철 (고려대학교 의과대학 산부인과학교실) ;
  • 이영준 (고려대학교 의과대학 소아청소년과학) ;
  • 이장훈 (고려대학교 의과대학 소아청소년과학) ;
  • 우찬욱 (고려대학교 의과대학 소아청소년과학) ;
  • 최병민 (고려대학교 의과대학 소아청소년과학) ;
  • 김해중 (고려대학교 의과대학 산부인과학교실) ;
  • 박상희 (고려대학교 의과대학 소아청소년과학) ;
  • 송지원 (고대의료원 안산병원 사회사업팀)
  • Shin, Jeong-Hee (Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Bauer, Siegfried (Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Yoon, Young-Sun (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Jeong, Hyun-Chul (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Rhie, Young-Jun (Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Jang-Hoon (Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Woo, Chan-Wook (Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Choi, Byung-Min (Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Hai-Joong (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Park, Sang-Hee (Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Song, Ji-Won (Department of Medical Social Work, Korea University Ansan Hospital)
  • 발행 : 2010.05.31

초록

목 적 : 현재 국내 출산율은 계속 감소하고 있고 또 출산 연령이 계속 높아지고 있는 추세임에도 불구하고 10대 청소년들의 분만은 줄어 들지 않고 있다. 이러한 청소년 임신은 어린 신부와 그들에게서 태어난 신생아들에게도 의학적인 문제점뿐 아니라 사회적인 부담으로 작용하게 되므로 본 연구자들은 이러한 문제점들을 알아 보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2004년 1월부터 2009년 7월까지 고려대학교 안산병원에 입원한 산부가 19세 이하로 청소년이었던 산부와 그들에게서 태어난 신생아를 대상으로 하였다. 대상 산부는 27명이었으며 대상 신생아는 28명이었고 이들의 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하여 산부와 신생아의 특성, 주산기 합병증 및 지원했던 사회적 지원에 대해 조사하였다. 결 과 : 27명의 모든 산부는 미혼이었으며 이 중 11명은 결손 가정의 자녀였다. 임신으로 적절한 산전검사를 받은 산부는 3명뿐이었으며 특히 11명(40.7%)의 산부는 산전검사를 전혀 받지 않았다. 산부의 주산기 합병증으로 조산, 빈혈, 조기 양막 파수, 융모양막염 등이 있었다. 대상 신생아 28명 중 미숙아는 17명(60.7%)이었으며 극소 저체중 출생아는 10명(35.7%)이었다. 신생아의 합병증은 모두 미숙아에서 나타났으며 호흡곤란증후군 8명, 패혈증 3명, 치료가 필요했던 동맥관 개존증, 괴사성 장염, 뇌실 내 출혈 등이었다. 입원 중 사망한 환아는 1명으로 사인은 폐출혈이었다. 퇴원한 신생아 27명 중 14명(51.9%)이 입양되었거나 아동 보호 시설에 위탁되었고 친부모에게 양육된 경우는 12명(44.4%)이었다. 결 론 : 청소년 임신은 조산으로 출산하는 경우가 많고 산전 검사를 제대로 받지 못해 적절한 출산 준비 없이 신생아를 출산하게 되어 미숙아의 빈도가 높고 이로 이한 주산기 합병증이 많다. 또한 신생아가 미혼모에게서 출생하게 되므로 친부모에게 양육되지 못하고 입양되거나 아동 보호 시설에 위탁되는 경우가 많아 사회적 부담이 증가하게 된다. 따라서 이런 문제를 예방하기 위해 청소년에 대한 피임 교육과 함께 임신에 대한 적절한 정보를 제공하여 임신이 된 경우 적절한 관리를 받을 수 있도록 적극적인 사회 지지가 필요하겠다.

Purpose:In recent years, Korea has showed a steady increase in the frequency of teenage birth, while the overall birth rate has declined. As the teenage birth is known as a high risk pregnancy itself, we examined perinatal complications of teenage mothers and whose neonates in aspects of medical problem, and social status and support. Methods:We examined the perinatal characteristics of teenage mothers and whose babies, who were hospitalized at Korea University Ansan Hospital from January 2004 to July 2009 using medical records retrospectively. Twenty-seven teenage mothers and their 28 babies were enrolled in this study. Results:Teenage mothers were all unmarried and showed high rates of preterm labor, maternal anemia, and unexpected delivery. Among them, 11 (40.7%) were from families that were separated. Eleven mothers (40.7%) did not have any antenatal care. There were high rates of prematurity and low birth weight (60.7% and 64.3%, respectively). The complication included: respiratory distress syndrome, patent ductus arteriosus and necrotizing enterocolitis. Fourteen babies (51.9%) were not going to be brought up by their biological parents. Conclusion:Teenage pregnancy had high rates of preterm labor and associated complications, often caused by the lack of proper antenatal care. Babies from unmarried mothers were likely to be adopted and this could be a social burden. Therefore, to reduce unplanned teenage pregnancy and births, sex education and social supports should be provided to all teenagers.

키워드

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