Neonatal Medicine

The Korean Society of Neonatology (대한신생아학회)
권호 표지

Risk Factors and Prognosis for Periventricular Leukomalacia According to Neuroimage in Preterm Infants

미숙아 뇌실주위 백질연화증에서 뇌영상 분류에 따른 예후와 위험인자

  • Ahn, Jung-Hee (Department of Pediatrics, Inje University College of Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital) ;
  • Seo, Yoo-Jin (Department of Pediatrics, Inje University College of Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital) ;
  • Yoon, Jung-Rim (Department of Pediatrics, Inje University College of Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital) ;
  • Shim, Gyu-Hong (Department of Pediatrics, Inje University College of Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Seong-Hee (Department of Radiology, Inje University College of Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital) ;
  • Cho, Woo-Ho (Department of Radiology, Inje University College of Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital) ;
  • Chey, Myoung-Jae (Department of Pediatrics, Inje University College of Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital)
  • 안정희 (인제대학교 상계백병원 소아청소년과) ;
  • 서유진 (인제대학교 상계백병원 소아청소년과) ;
  • 윤정림 (인제대학교 상계백병원 소아청소년과) ;
  • 심규홍 (인제대학교 상계백병원 소아청소년과) ;
  • 김성희 (인제대학교 상계백병원 영상의학과) ;
  • 조우호 (인제대학교 상계백병원 영상의학과) ;
  • 최명재 (인제대학교 상계백병원 소아청소년과)
  • Published : 2010.05.31
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Abstract

Purpose : The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors, clinical characteristics and prognosis for the development of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) in preterm infants according to the extent and site of the PVL. Methods : The medical records of infants (under 36 weeks of gestational age) delivered from January 1999 to December 2008 were reviewed. Twenty-five preterm infants with were PVL were diagnosed by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and an addition 50preterm infants with no brain lesions were enrolled in this study. The perinatal and neonatal risk factors for the development of PVL was determine in these infants. Mental and Psychomotor Developmental Indices (MDI, PDI) were assessed by a clinical psychologist using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II. We compared the differences of the clinical characteristics and prognosis according to brain MRI findings. Results : Maternal fever, young maternal age, extended oxygen use, hypotension within the first week of birth, use of inotropics within the first week of birth, and respiratory distress syndrome were the risk factors associated with PVL (P <0.05). In the multivariate analysis, maternal fever and extended oxygen use were statistically significant independent risk factors (P <0.05). The mean MDI and PDI scores of the PVL group (74.4$\pm$ 27.8 and 58.0$\pm$17.7) were significantly lower than those of the control group (103.5$\pm$8.9 and 101.7$\pm$16.1, P <0.05). Conclusion : Maternal fever and extended oxygen use were independent risk factors for PVL. We should pay attention to infants who had the risk factors and follow them up closely by brain imaging study and Bayley Scales of Infant Development II.

목 적 : 최근 신생아집중치료술의 발전으로 미숙아의 생존율이 증가하고 있다. 그러나 미숙아에서 저산소성 허혈성 손상의 주된 병변인 뇌실주위 백질연화증의 발생 위험성은 여전히 크며, 이는 뇌성마비 등의 심한 신경학적 합병증을 일으킬 수 있다는 점에서 임상적으로 지속적인 관심을 요하는 질환이다. 이에 본원에서 발생한 뇌실주위 백질연화증의 위험인자에 대하여 알아보고 뇌 자기공명영상 소견과 뇌초음파 분류에 따른 임상적 특징의 차이 및 예후에 대하여 알아보고자 이번 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법: 1999년 1월부터 2008년 12월까지 10년간 본원 신생아집중치료실에 입원한 36주 미만의 미숙아를 대상으로 하였고, 뇌 MRI나 뇌 초음파에서 뇌실주위 백질연화증소견을 보였던 25례를 환아군으로, 이들과 재태연령과 출생체중은 비슷하고 뇌실주위 백질연화증소견을 보이지 않았던 50례를 대조군으로 선정하여 두 군에서 뇌실주위 백질연화증의 위험인자로 예상되는 출산전, 주산기, 출산 후 요인과 Baley 발달 검사 결과 등을 후향적으로 비교 분석 하였다. 그리고 환아군에서 뇌MRI T2 강조 영상의 고신호 병변군과 저신호 병변군, 뇌초음파에서는 병변의 일측성, 양측성인 경우와 낭성, 비낭성 그리고, 국소성, 미만성을 구분하여 각각의 임상적 특징과 Baley 발달 검사 결과 등을 비교 분석하였다. 결 과:전체 374명의 대상 환자 중에서 뇌실주위 백질연화증이 25례(6.6%)에서 진단되었다. 환아군과 대조군의 비교에서 산모의 발열, 어린 산모의 나이, 장기간의 산소투여, 생후 1주 이내 발생한 저혈압, 생후 1주 이내 심수축제 사용과 호흡곤란 증후군이 뇌실주위 백질연화증 발생에 통계적으로 유의하게 관계가 있었다. 다중회귀 분석에서는 산모의 발열 및 장기간의 산소 투여가 독립적인 위험인자였다. Bayley 발달 검사 결과를 분석하였을 때 환아군은 정신 척도와 운동 척도가 각각 74.4$\pm$27.8과 58.0$\pm$17.7로 대조군의 103.5$\pm$8.9과 101.7$\pm$16.1 보다 통계적으로 의미있게 낮았다. 결 론 : 산모의 발열 및 장기간의 산소투여가 뇌실주위 백질연화증에 독립적으로 영향을 미치는 인자로 분석되었다. 그러므로, 이러한 위험 인자를 가진 미숙아들에 있어서 뇌 MRI 검사와 Bayley 발달 검사가 뇌실주위 백질연화증의 진단과 신경학적 합병증에 예후를 측정하는데 도움이 될 수 있다.

Keywords

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