한국물환경학회지 (Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment)

  • 제26권1호
  • /
  • Pages.116-124
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  • 2010
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  • 2289-0971(pISSN)
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  • 2289-098X(eISSN)
한국물환경학회 (Korean Society on Water Environment)
권호 표지

방글라데시의 지하수와 쌀의 비소오염 및 식물정화법

Arsenic Concentrations of Groundwater and Rice Grains in Bangladesh and Phytoremediation

  • 투고 : 2009.09.25
  • 심사 : 2009.12.23
  • 발행 : 2010.01.30
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초록

방글라데시에서는 지하수에 대한 의존도가 증가함에 따라 지하수에 기인하는 비소오염이 점차 심각한 문제로 나타나고 있다. 비소는 토양, 자연수, 그리고 심지어 음용수에까지 포함되어 있지만, 비소에 대한 관리 규정이 없어서 최근까지 적절히 측정되지 않고 방치되어 왔다. 그러나 비소오염에 대한 피해가 증가하면서 비소 경감의 필요성이 강조되었다. 본 연구에서 조사된 23 개 지점에서 채집된 쌀의 비소 함량은 평균 0.34 mg/kg 이었으며 3 개 지점은 1.02~1.12 mg/kg 로서 기준치인 1.0 mg/kg을 초과하였다. 비소오염을 줄이는 경제적 방법으로서 식물을 이용한 정화법이 제시되고 있는데 Pteris vittata 라는 고사리는 비소를 잘 흡수하여 농축하는 것으로 알려져 있으며 본 연구에서 실험한 결과 비소농도 20 mg/kg의 토양에서 재배한 경우 지상부 식물조직의 비소함량이 16 mg/kg까지 농축되는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 뿌리의 비소함량은 지상부의 약15% 정도로 낮은 것으로 나타나 지상부의 제거로서 비소를 제거할 수 있음을 보여주었다. 비소오염이 전국적으로 심각함에도 불구하고 정부의 노력은 광범위한 지역을 관리하기에 아직 충분치 않으므로 경제적이고 간단한 대책들이 필요하며 식물을 이용한 정화법이 하나의 대안이 될 수 있을 것이다.

While groundwater is the major source for drinking and irrigation purposes, arsenic (As) contamination of groundwater is a serious issue in Bangladesh. With a view to reduce As contamination in drinking water the guideline value recommended for Bangladesh is 0.05 mg/L. We assessed groundwater As in an As-affected Sadar Upazilla (small administrative unit) in the District (administrative unit) of Chapai Nabwabganj during 2006, where 50% hand tube well water were above the recommended limit (0.05 mg/L) during dry season. Almost 20% tube well waters were above the recommended limit during rainy season, perhaps due to the dilution of water table. The groundwater in Bangladesh contaminates surface soils and plants thereby As entering the food chain. In 2005, we examined the As levels in different rice varieties grown in different Districts of Bangladesh and the As concentrations in rice grain ranged from 0.07~1.12 mg/kg while the concentrations in 3 rice varieties were above the recommended limit (1 mg/kg rice grain) and the maximum concentration was 1.12 mg/kg rice grain in the rice variety BR 11. With few exceptions, the As content of rice grain in Bangladesh is not considered to be concentration of greater health concern as yet. We also observed enhanced root uptake, efficient root-to shoot translocation, and a much elevated tolerance through internal detoxification all contribute to As hyperaccumulation in a plant, ladder brake fern (Pteris vittata L.). But the phytoremediation technique might not be an appropriate tool to reduce the As calamity in the vast areas of Bangladesh. To mitigate the As problem of Bangladesh, better coordination among governmental agencies and many other organizations will be required to combat the disaster.

키워드

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