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The Fermentative Characteristics of Cheonggukjang Prepared by Starter Culture of Bacillus spp. with Fibrinolytic Activity

혈전용해활성이 우수한 Bacillus spp. 스타터를 이용한 청국장의 발효특성

  • Hwang, Jong-Hyun (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chungju National University)
  • Received : 2010.08.25
  • Accepted : 2010.09.16
  • Published : 2010.12.31

Abstract

The objective of this study was to improve the flavor of Cheonggukjang prepared by the culture optimization of starter with the fibrinolytic activity. After 25 strains isolated from the commercial Cheonggukjang and Doenjang in different regions were compared, 7 Bacillus strains with proteolytic and slime-producing activities were selected. When the fibrin plate method for fibrinolytic activity was applied, CJJN-4 and 5 showed the higher activity in tripticase soy broth (TSB). All Cheonggukjang prepared with CJJN-4 and 5 also had the fibrinolytic activity, regardless of culture temperature or time. Especially, Cheonggukjang prepared at $40^{\circ}C$ showed higher activity than $45^{\circ}C$, and Cheonggukjang prepared with CJJN-4 for 48 hr at $40^{\circ}C$ showed the highest fibrinolytic activity. Although there was no significant difference in pH of Cheonggukjang prepared with CJJN-4 or 5 during 72 hr at $40^{\circ}C$, Cheonggukjang prepared with CJJN-4 at $45^{\circ}C$ had lower pH until 60 hr than $40^{\circ}C$ or CJJN-5. The total amino type nitrogen contents of Cheonggukjang were 1,139.6 (CJJN-4) and 1,027.6 mg% (CJJN-5) for 72 hr at $40^{\circ}C$, and their producing rates were also higher at $40^{\circ}C$ fermentation than $45^{\circ}C$. Meanwhile, the contents of ammonia type nitrogen induced unpleasant flavor were lower in Cheonggukjang with CJJN-4 and 5 at $40^{\circ}C$ than CJJN-5 at $45^{\circ}C$. Therefore, Cheonggukjang fermented with CJJN-4 starter at $40^{\circ}C$ had the improved flavor, such as change of amino or ammonia type nitrogen production, and higher fibrinolytic activity.

증강된 혈전용해활성을 갖는 starter를 이용한 발효조건의 최적화를 통하여 풍미가 향상된 청국장을 제조하기 위한 목적으로 전국 지역에서 유통되고 있는 청국장과 된장으로 부터 25개 균주를 분리한 후 단백분해 및 점질물 형성 효과를 갖는 7개의 Bacillus 균주를 선정하였다. 다음으로 청국장의 기능성을 증진시키기 위해 우수한 혈전용해활성을 갖는 균주를 starter로 이용하기 위해 fibrin plate법으로 활성을 검토한 결과, CJJN-4와 5가 tripticase soy broth에서 가장 높은 활성을 나타냄을 확인할 수 있었다. 한편, 혈전용해 능이 우수한 CJJN-4와 CJJN-5를 이용하여 $40^{\circ}C$$45^{\circ}C$에서 청국장을 발효한 후 활성을 측정한 결과에서도 2개의 균주 모두 우수한 활성을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 발효시간과 관계없이 $40^{\circ}C$에서 $45^{\circ}C$보다 활성이 높았으며, 특히 $40^{\circ}C$에서는 72시간까지 우수한 활성이 유지되었고 CJJN-4의 균주를 48시간 발효시킨 청국장에서 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 발효균주 및 온도에 따른 발효 시의 pH 변화에서는 $40^{\circ}C$의 경우에는 균주 간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나, $45^{\circ}C$에서는 CJJN-4로 발효된 청국장에서 60시간까지 $40^{\circ}C$에서 발효된 청국장 또는 CJJN-5로 조제한 청국장보다 낮은 pH를 보여주었다. 발효조건에 따른 풍미변화에서는 먼저, 청국장의 구수한 맛을 주는 아미노태 질소 함량의 경우에는 $40^{\circ}C$에서 72시간 발효시킨 결과, 1,139.6 mg%(CJJN-4)와 1027.6 mg%(CJJN-5)의 높은 함량을 보여주었으며 아미노태 질소의 생성속도에서도 $40^{\circ}C$$45^{\circ}C$보다 빠른 결과를 나타내었다. 그러나 청국장의 불쾌취를 유발하는 암모니아태 질소 함량의 경우에는 $40^{\circ}C$에서 CJJN-4와 5로 조제된 청국장이 $45^{\circ}C$에서 CJJN-5의 청국장보다 낮은 함량을 보여 주었다. 이러한 결과로부터 CJJN-4의 starter를 이용하여 $40^{\circ}C$에서 발효된 청국장은 아미노태 및 암모니아태 질소 함량의 변화에 따른 개선된 풍미와 함께 우수한 혈전용해활성을 가지고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

Keywords

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