DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Factors Related to Health Promoting Behaviors of Young-Old and Old-Old Elderly in Rural Areas

농촌지역 전기노인과 후기노인의 건강증진행위 관련요인

  • 이명숙 (목포 가톨릭대학교 간호학과) ;
  • 임현자 (초당대학교 간호학과)
  • Received : 2010.07.26
  • Accepted : 2010.12.07
  • Published : 2010.12.31

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of health promoting behaviors and the significant factors in rural elderly(young-old vs old-old). Methods: The data was collected using structured questionnaires from June 22th to Sep. 18th, 2009. A total of 556 elderly aged 65 years or over were selected from 14 rural districts in C province, South Korea. Age was divided into two groups as below 65-74 and 75 or older. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on the demographic characteristics, their perceived health status, the difficulty of activities of daily living, quality of life, self-efficacy and health promoting behaviors. The health promoting behaviors included nutrition, stress management, interpersonal support, exercise, health responsibility and self-actualization. The scores for health promoting behaviors were used mean and standard deviation. The data was analyzed using SPSS Win 12.0. Results: Of the 556 subjects, we found that the young-old(65-74 aged) were 359 and the old-old elderly(over 75 aged) were 197. We found that the level of health promoting behavior was higher for young-old ($2.75{\pm}0.374$) compared to old-old elderly people ($2.67{\pm}0.399$). In multiple linear regression, quality of life, self-efficacy, living with spouse, and number of generation living together for the young-old, and quality of life for old-old elderly were significantly associated with health promoting behaviors. Conclusions: The study findings indicate that there are age differences in associated factor of health promoting behaviors. Therefore our findings may provide useful assistance in developing effective intervention programs to improve health promoting behavior of the elderly in rural areas according to their age differences.

본 연구는 농촌지역 노인의 연령별(전기노인, 후기노인) 건강증진행위 관련 요인을 분석하여 보다 나은 건강증진 행위를 도모하기 위하여 연령별 관련요인을 고려한 중재 전략을 수립하는데 기초자료를 제공하고자 시도된 횡단적 서술적 조사연구이다. 자료 수집기간은 2009년 6월 22일 부터 9월 18일까지였으며, 연구대상자는 65세 이상의 C도 1개 군 14개면에 거주하는 재가농촌 노인으로서 전기노인 359명, 후기노인 197명 총 556명을 대상으로 하였다. 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 일반적 특성, 건강관련 특성, 사회 심리적 변수, 건강증진 행위를 직접면담을 통하여 조사하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS Win 12.0을 이용하여 $\chi^2$- test, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Stepwise multiple regression 으로 분석하였으며, 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대상자의 평균 연령은 전기노인 69.43세, 후기노인 79.14세였으며, 두 집단 간 일반적 특성에 따른 유의한 빈도차이를 보인 항목은 교육수준, 배우자 유무, 동거 세대 수에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 대상자의 건강관련 특성에서 건강검진 유무, 만성 질환 수, 지각된 건강상태에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 둘째, 노인의 건강증진행위와 관련 있는 변수들에 대하여 연령별 차이를 비교한 결과 지각된 건강상태 점수는 전기노인이, 일동활동장애 점수는 후기노인에서 더 높았으며, 삶의 질은 유의한 차이가 없었으나 자기효능감은 전기노인에서 유의하게 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 노인의 연령별(전기, 후기) 건강증진행위 차이에 있어서 전기노인은 2.75점 후기노인은 2.67점으로 전기노인이 후기노인에 비해 건강증진행위 점수가 더 높았다. 건강증진 행위에 대한 하위 항목별 실천정도는 전기노인은 건강책임, 대인관계, 영양, 자아실현, 운동, 스트레스관리 순이었고, 후기노인은 대인관계, 건강책임, 영양, 자아실현, 스트레스관리, 운동 순으로 두 집단 간 순위 차이가 있었으며, 운동과 건강책임의 하위영역에서만 유의한 차이가 있게 나타났다. 셋째, 건강증진행위와 유의한 상관관계를 나타낸 변수는 전기노인과 후기노인 모두에서 지각된 건강상태, 삶의 질, 자기효능과 유의한 정적상관을 보인 반면 일상 활동 장애와는 유의한 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 다중회귀분석 결과에 전기노인들의 건강증진행위 수행에 영향을 미치는 요인들로 삶의 질, 자기효능, 배우자 유무, 동거 가족 수가 유의한 변수로 선정 되었고, 인구사회학적 특성, 지각된 건강상태, 삶의 질, 자기효능감 등 투입된 변수들로 건강증진행위 수준을 42.2%의 설명할 수 있었고, 후기노인은 삶의 질만이 유의한 변수로 선정되었고, 투입된 변수들로 37.9% 설명할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과에서 농촌지역 노인을 연령별 두 그룹으로 분류했을 때 건강증진행위와 관련된 요인이 다른 것을 알 수 있다. 본 연구 결과 농촌지역 노인들을 전기노인과 후기노인 두 그룹으로 분류했을 때 건강증진행위수행 관련 요인이 다르기 때문에 농촌지역 노인의 건강증진 수행을 높이기 위해서는 연령별 관련요인을 고려한 건강증진 프로그램 개발과 접근이 요구된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Korea National Statistical Office(2006, May). Population projections for Korea:2005-2050 based on the 2005 census. Retrieved September 4, 2008, from http://www.kosis.kr/search/ totalSearch2.jsp
  2. An JY, Tak YR. Depressive symptoms and related risk factors in old and oldest-old elderly people with arthritis. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2009;39(1):72-83 (Korean) https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.1.72
  3. Kim HJ, Kim JH, Park YH. Factors influencing health promoting behavior of the elderly. Journal of Korean Academy of Adult Nursing 2000;12(4):573-582 (Korean)
  4. Pender NJ, Walker SN, Sechist KR, Frank-Stromborg M. Predicting healthpromoting lifestyle in the workplace. Nursing Research 1990;39(6):326-332
  5. Sung MS, Song BS (2004). Health promoting behavior and degree of life satisfaction in rural elderly people. Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamental Nursing 2004;11(1): 82-91 (Korean)
  6. Park JS, Oh YJ. The effects of a health promotion program in rural elderly on health promotion lifestyle and health status. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(5): 943-954 (Korean) https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.5.943
  7. Lee GO. A structural analysis of successful aging factors of rural elders. Seoul, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Seoul National University, 2007 (Korean)
  8. Kim MH, Shin KR, Kang MS, Kang I. A study of successful aging experience of korean elderly. The Journal of Korean Gerontological Society 2004;24(2):79-95 (Korean)
  9. Lee IJ. A study on the difference between the younger old and the older old : Comparison of the effects of stressful life events and social support on their health. Journal of the Korean Gerontological Society 1999;19:35-50 (Korean)
  10. Charlotte E. Gerontological Nursing(6th ed). Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005
  11. Choi YH. Health-promoting behavior, life satisfaction and self-esteem of the young and old. The Journal of Korean Community Nursing 2001;12(2):428-436 (Korean)
  12. Aldwin CM, Sutton KJ, Chiara G, Spiro A. Age differences in stress, coping, and appraisal: findings from the normative aging study. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 3rd 1996;51(4):179-188
  13. Burns N, Grove SK. The practice of nursing research conduct, critique and utilization. Philadelphia, Saunders Company, 1987.
  14. Lawtone MP, Moss M, Fulcomer M, Kleban MH. A research and service oriental multilevel assessment instrument. Journal of Gerontology 1982;37(1): 91-99 https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/37.1.91
  15. Lee MS. Factors influencing life satisfaction the elderly living alone. Journal of Korean Academy of Adult Nursing 2004;16(1):17-26 (Korean)
  16. Jette AM. Functional capacity evaluation: An empirical approach. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 1980;61(2): 85-89.
  17. Roh YJ. An analytical study on the quality of life of the middle-aged in Seoul. Seoul, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Yonsei University, 1988 (Korean)
  18. Bandura A. The assessment and predictive generality of self-percepts of efficacy. Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry, 1982;13(3):195-199 https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7916(82)90004-0
  19. Sherer M, Maddux JE, Mercandante B, Prentice-Dunn S, Jacob B, Rogers RW. The self-efficacy scale: construction & validation. Psychological Report 1982;51:663-667 https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1982.51.2.663
  20. Walker SN, Sechrist KR, Pender NJ. The health promoting lifestyle profile: Development and psychometric characteristics. Nursing Research 1987;36(2):76-81 https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-198603000-00004
  21. Kulbok, Baldwin. From preventive health behavior to health promotion: Advancing a positive construct of health. Advances in Nursing Science 1992;14(4): 50-64 https://doi.org/10.1097/00012272-199206000-00007
  22. Pender, N. J., Murdaugh, C. L., & Parsons, M. A. Health promotion in nursing practice(4th ed). New Jersey, Printice Hall, 2002
  23. Jeon EY, Kim KB. Study of factors that influence the promotion of healthy behavior in the elderly according to types of residency. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(3):475-483 (Korean) https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.3.475
  24. Desmond AW, Conrad KM, Montgomery A, Simon KA. Factors associated with male workers engagement in physical Activity. American Association of Occupational Health Nurses 1993;41(2):73-83
  25. Lee GJ, Chang CJ, Yoo JH & Yi YJ. Factors effecting health promoting behaviors in middleaged women. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(3):494-502 (Korean) https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.3.494
  26. Sung MH, Lim YM. The study on health promoting lifestyle of the elderly women. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(6):762-771 (Korean) https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.6.762
  27. Chen T, Li L. Influence of health-related quality of life on health service utilization in addition to socio-demographic and morbidity variables among primary care in patients in China. International Journal of Public Health 2009;54(5): 325-332 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-009-0057-3
  28. Riffle KL, Yoho J, Sams J. Healthpromoting behavior, perceived social support, and self-reported health of Appalachian elderly. Public Health Nursing 1989;6(4): 204-211 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1446.1989.tb00598.x
  29. Park ES, Kim SJ, Kim SI, Chun YJ, Lee PS, Kim HJ, Han KS. A study of factors influencing health promoting behavior and quality of life in the elderly. Journal of Korean academy of nursing 1998;28(3): 638-649 (Korean) https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.3.638
  30. Sohn SY. A model construction of the quality of life in the rural elderly. Seoul, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Seoul National University, 2006 (Korean)
  31. Wollinsky FD, Johnson RJ. Widowhood, health status and the use of health services by older adults: A cross sectional and prospective approach. Journal of Gerontology 1992;47:8-16 https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/47.1.S8

Cited by

  1. Nutritional Risk, Perceived Health Status, and Depression of the Young-Old and the Old-Old in Low-Income Elderly Women vol.37, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5393/JAMCH.2012.37.1.012
  2. Relationship between Low Back Pain and Health-Related Quality of Life among Some Elderly vol.37, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5393/JAMCH.2012.37.3.156
  3. Subjective health status and relative factors of old-old elderly of more than 75-year-old -Based on 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey- vol.15, pp.7, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2014.15.7.4279