생명과학회지 (Journal of Life Science)

  • 제20권12호
  • /
  • Pages.1812-1819
  • /
  • 2010
  • /
  • 1225-9918(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2287-3406(eISSN)
한국생명과학회 (Korean Society of Life Science)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

아침식사량이 대사위험요인에 미치는 영향

The Influence of Breakfast Size to Metabolic Risk Factors

  • 김윤진 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 가정의학교실) ;
  • 이정규 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 가정의학교실) ;
  • 이유현 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 가정의학교실) ;
  • 이상엽 (양산부산대학교병원 가정의학클리닉) ;
  • 정동욱 (양산부산대학교병원 가정의학클리닉) ;
  • 박선기 (양산부산대학교병원 가정의학클리닉) ;
  • 조영혜 (양산부산대학교병원 가정의학클리닉)
  • Kim, Yun-Jin (Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Jeong-Gyu (Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital) ;
  • Yi, Yu-Hyeon (Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Sang-Yeoup (Family Medicine Clinic, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital) ;
  • Jung, Dong-Wook (Family Medicine Clinic, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital) ;
  • Park, Seon-Ki (Family Medicine Clinic, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital) ;
  • Cho, Young-Hye (Family Medicine Clinic, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital)
  • 투고 : 2010.08.16
  • 심사 : 2010.10.28
  • 발행 : 2010.12.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

아침결식은 비만 및 대사증후군 항목과 밀접한 관계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 아침식사량과 비만 및 대사증후군의 관계를 분석하였다. 본 연구는 2006년 1월부터 12월까지 부산에 소재한 한 대학병원 건강검진센터를 방문한 수진자 5548명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구대상은 아침식사량에 따라 아침결식군, 소량섭취군, 중간섭취군, 과량섭취군의 4개 군으로 분류하였다. 대상자 5548명 중 959명(17.3%)이 아침식사를 하지 않는 아침결식군이었다. 아침결식군에서 일일섭취열량 및 단백질, 탄수화물, 지방섭취량이 가장 낮았으며, 아침식사군에서는 일일섭취열량 및 단백질, 탄수화물 섭취량이 아침식사량에 비례하여 증가하였다. 체질량지수($23.4\;kg/m^2$)와 허리둘레(79.6 cm)는 소량섭취군에서 가장 낮았다. 소량섭취군에서 중성지방, 공복혈당 및 수축기와 이완기 혈압이 가장 낮았으며, 고밀도지단백 콜레스테롤이 가장 높았다. 대사위험요인의 수는 소량섭취군에서 가장 적었고 아침식사량이 증가함에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 대사증후군의 교차비(Odds ratio=0.612)는 소량섭취군에서 가장 낮았으며, 아침식사량이 증가함에 따라 교차비도 증가했고, 아침결식군에서 과량식사군보다 교차비가 높게 나타났으나 유의하지는 않았다. 본 연구 결과 아침식사량은 대사위험요인에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 아침결식은 대사위험요인에 나쁜 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 소량의 아침식사가 대사위험요인에 가장 좋은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

Skipping breakfast is a risk factor closely related to metabolic syndrome and obesity. We analyzed the relationship between breakfast size, metabolic syndrome and obesity. The study included 5,548 adults who visited a health promotion center at Pusan National University from January to November of 2006. Subjects were divided into four groups according to breakfast size - skipper group (no breakfast), small intake group, medium intake group and large intake group. 959 (17.3%) of the 5548 subjects were included in the Skipper group. Intake of daily calories, proteins, carbohydrates and fats was the lowest in the Skipper group. Breakfast size increased linearly with an increased intake of daily calories, proteins, carbohydrates and fats. Body mass index ($23.4\;kg/m^2$) and waist circumference (79.6 cm) were the lowest in the Small intake group. In the Small intake group, triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were the lowest, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were the highest. The number of metabolic risk factors was the lowest in Small intake group. Odds ratio of metabolic syndrome (Odds ratio=0.612) was the lowest in Small intake group. Along with increasing breakfast size, the odds ratio also increased. In this study, breakfast size was found to influence metabolic risk factors. Skipping breakfast worsened metabolic risk factors, while a small breakfast size had a favorable effect on metabolic risk factors.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Alexander, K. E., E. E. Ventura, D. Spruijt-Metz, M. J. Weigensberg, M. I. Goran, and J. N. Davis. 2009. Association of breakfast skipping with visceral fat and insulin indices in overweight Latino youth. Obesity 17, 1528-1533. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2009.127
  2. Benton, D. and P. Y. Parker. 1998. Breakfast, blood glucose, and cognition. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 67, S772-S778.
  3. Chang, U. J., E. Y. Jung, and I. S. Hong. 2007. The effect of the reduced portion size by using a diet rice bowl on food consumption and satiety rate. Korean J. Community Nutr. 12, 639-645.
  4. Cho, S., M. Dietrich, C. J. Brown, C. A. Clark, and G. Block. 2003. The effect of breakfast type on total daily energy intake and body mass index: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 22, 296-302. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2003.10719307
  5. Deshmukh-Taskar, P. R., T. A. Nicklas, C. E. O'Neil, D. R. Keast, J. D. Radcliffe, and S. Cho. 2010. The relationship of breakfast skipping and type of breakfast consumption with nutrient intake and weight status in children and adolescents: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 110, 869-878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2010.03.023
  6. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. 2001. Execute Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 285, 2486-2496. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.19.2486
  7. Farshchi, H. R., M. A. Taylor, and I. A. Macdonald. 2005. Deleterious effects of omitting breakfast on insulin sensitivity and fasting lipid profiles in healthy lean women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 81, 388-396.
  8. Flegal, K. M., M. D. Carroll, R. J. Kuczmarski, and C. L. Johnson. 1998. Overweight and obesity in the United States: prevalence and trends, 1960-1994. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 22, 39-47. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0800541
  9. Holt, S. H., H. J. Delargy, C. L. Laton, and J. E. Blundell. 1999. The effects of high-carbohydrate vs high-fat breakfasts on feelings of fullness and alertness, and subsequent food intake. Int. J. Food. Sci. Nutr. 50, 13-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/096374899101382
  10. Housova, J., M. Matoulek, S. Svacina, K. Kyhos, S. Slaba, S. Vavrejnova, and B. Ricarova. 2008. Comparisin of low energy breakfast based on special egg white spread product with a standard breakfast. Prague. Med. Rep. 109, 127-133.
  11. Huang, C. J., H. T. Hu, Y. C. Fan, Y. M. Liao, and P. S. Tsai. 2010. Associations of breakfast skipping with obesity and health-related quality of life: evidence from a national survey in Taiwan. Int. J. Obes. (Lond). 34, 720-725. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2009.285
  12. Isomaa, B., P. Almgren, T. Tuomi, B. Forsen, K. Lahti, M. Nissen, M. R. Taskinen, and L. Groop. 2001. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care 24, 683-689. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.24.4.683
  13. Kant, A. K. and B. I. Graubard. 2006. Secular trends in patterns of self-reported food consumption of adult Americans: NHANES 1971-1975 to NHANES 1999-2002. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 84, 1215-1223.
  14. Kent, L. M. and A. Worsley. 2010. Breakfast size is related to body mass index for men, but not women. Nutr. Res. 30, 240-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2010.03.006
  15. Keski-Rahkonen, A., J. Kaprio, A. Rissanen, M. Virkkunen, and R. J. Rose. 2003. Breakfast skipping and health-compromising behaviors in adolescents and adults. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 57, 842-853. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601618
  16. Kim, H. M., D. J. Kim, I. H. Jung, C. W. Park, and J. Park. 2007. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among Korean adults using the new International Diabetes Federation definition and the new abdominal obesity criteria for the Korean people. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 77, 99-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2006.10.009
  17. Kirwan, J. P., D. O. Gorman, and W. J. Evans. 1998. A moderate glycemic meal before endurance exercise can enhance performance. J. Appl. Physiol. 84, 53-59.
  18. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Ministry of health and wellfare. 2008. Korean national health statistics : Korean national health and nutrition examination survey fourth second year (2008). 199.
  19. Lee, S. Y., H. S. Park, D. J. Kim, J. H. Han, S. M. Kim, G. J. Cho, D. Y. Kim, H. S. Kwon, S. R. Kim, C. B. Lee, S. J. Oh, C. Y. Park, and H. J. Yoo. 2007. Appropriate waist circumference cutoff points for central obesity in Korean adults. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 75, 72-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2006.04.013
  20. Lioret, S., J. L. Volatier, L. Lafay, M. Touvier, and B. Maire. 2009. Is food portion size a risk factor of childhood overweight? Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 63, 382-391. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602958
  21. Lorenzo, C., M. Okoloise, K. Williams, M. P. Stern, and S. M. Haffner. 2003. The metabolic syndrome as predictor of type 2 diabetes: the San Antonio heart study. Diabetes Care. 26, 3153-3159. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.11.3153
  22. Murphy, J. M., M. E. Pagano, J. Nachmani, P. Sperling, S. Kane, and R. E. Kleinman. 1998. The relationship of school breakfast to psychosocial and academic functioning. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 152, 899-907. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.152.9.899
  23. National Institutes of Health. 1998. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of Ooverweight and obesity in adults-the evidence report. Obes. Res. 6, 51S-209S. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1550-8528.1998.tb00690.x
  24. Nishiyama, M., T. Muto, T. Minakawa, and T. Shibata. 2009. The combined unhealthy behaviors of breakfast skipping and smoking are associated with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 218, 259-264. https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.218.259
  25. Oh, H. S. and H. O. Park. 2000. A Study on dietary habit and nutritional knowledge for elementary school children's nutritional education. Korean J. Dietary Culture 15, 201-213.
  26. Oh, Se-Young. 2005. Food sharing characteristics in modern Korean society. Korean J. Food Culture 20, 683-687.
  27. Pal, S., S. Lim, and G. Egger. 2008. The effect of a low glycae mic index breakfast on blood glucose, insulin, lipid profiles, blood pressure, body weight, body composition and satiety in obese and overweight individuals: a pilot study. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 27, 387-393. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2008.10719715
  28. Powell, C. A., S. P. Walker, S. M. Chang, and M. Grantham-McGregor. 1998. Nutrition and education: A randomized trial of the effects of breakfast in rural primary school children. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 68, 873-879.
  29. Sakata, K., Y. Matumura, N. Yoshimura, J. Tamaki, T. Hashimoto, S. Oguri, A. Okayama, and H. Yanagawa. 2001. Relationship between skipping breakfast and cardiovascular disease risk factors in the national nutrition survey data. Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 48, 837-841.
  30. Silverstein, L. J. 1995. The relationship of breakfast eating to body weight. Obes. Res. 3, 97. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00125.x
  31. Song, W. O., O. K. Chun, S. Obayashi, S. Cho, and C. E. Chung. 2005. Is consumption of breakfast associated with body mass index in US adults? J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 105, 1373-1382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2005.06.002
  32. Van der Heijden, A. A., F. B. Hu, E. B. Rimm, and R. M. Van Dam. 2007. A prospective study of breakfast consumption and weight gain among U.S. men. Obesity 15, 2463-2469. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2007.292
  33. Vermorel, M., A. Bitar, J. Vernet, E. Verdier, and J. Coudert. 2003. The extent to which breakfast covers the morning energy expenditure of adolescents with varying levels of physical activity. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 57, 310-315. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601546
  34. Wesnes, K. A., C. Pincock, D. Richardson, G. Helm, and S. Hails. 2003. Breakfast reduces declines in attention and memory over the morning in schoolchildren. Appetite. 41, 329-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2003.08.009
  35. Wingard, D. L., L. F. Berkman, and R. J. Brand. 1982. A multivariate analysis of health-related practices: a nine-year mortality follow-up of the Alameda County Study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 116, 765-775.
  36. Wyatt, H. R., G. K. Grunwald, C. L. Mosca, M. L. Klem, R. R. Wing, and J. O. Hill. 2002. Long-term weight loss and breakfast in subjects in the national weight control registry. Obes. Res. 10, 78-82. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2002.13

피인용 문헌

  1. Evaluation of Nutrient Intake and Meal Variety with Breakfast Eating in Korean Adolescents: Analysis of Data from the 2008~2009 National Health and Nutrition Survey vol.18, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.3.257
  2. Development of morning bread fortified citrus peels powders and its evaluation of biological activity by human trial vol.49, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2016.49.3.144
  3. Metabolic risk and nutritional state according to breakfast energy level of Korean adults: Using the 2007~2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey vol.48, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2015.48.1.46
  4. Breakfast Intake Status and Demand of School Breakfast Between High School Students Living in Dormitory and Family Home in Iksan City vol.25, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5934/kjhe.2016.25.1.99
  5. The study of metabolic risk factors and dietary intake in adolescent children by the status of mothers' metabolic syndrome: Using the data from 2007-2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey vol.46, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2013.46.6.531
  6. A Study on Self-regulated Learning, Attentional Control, and Fatigue Related to Breakfast Characteristics of University Students vol.26, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5932/JKPHN.2012.26.3.465