Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Gene (NtPAL4) Induced by Abiotic Stresses in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)

  • Han, Woong (Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical science, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Wang, Myeong-Hyeon (Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical science, Kangwon National University)
  • Received : 2010.09.28
  • Accepted : 2010.12.16
  • Published : 2010.12.31

Abstract

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), a key enzyme of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, is activated by a number of developmental and environmental cues. The coding region of the NtPAL4 gene was 2,154 bp in length, and its deduced protein was composed of 717 amino acids. Sequence analysis of NtPAL4 cDNA from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) revealed high structural similarity to PAL genes of other plant species. The NtPAL4 gene exists as a single copy in the tobacco plant, and its transcripts were strongly expressed in flowers and leaves. NtPAL4 expression was significantly induced in response to NaCl, mannitol, and cold treatments, but it was not induced by abscisic acid (ABA). NtPAL4 expression decreased gradually after treatment with ABA and $H_2O_2$; however, NtPAL4 transcripts accumulated after treatment with methyl viologen (MV). Our results suggest that the NtPAL4 gene may function in response to abiotic stresses.

Keywords

References

  1. Apel, K. and H. Hirt. 2004. Reactive oxygen species: metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 55: 373-399. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.55.031903.141701
  2. Babbs, C.F., J.A. Pham and R.C. Coolbaugh. 1989. Lethal hydroxyl radical production in paraquat-treated plants. Plant physiol. 90: 1267-1270. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.90.4.1267
  3. Brodenfeldt, R. and H. Mohr. 1988. Time courses for phytochrome-induced enzyme levels in phenylpropanoid metabolism (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, naringenin-chalcone synthase) compared with time courses for phytochromemediated end-product accumulation (anthocyanin, quercetin). Planta 41: 383-390.
  4. Campos-Vargas, R., H. Nonogaki, T. Suslow and M.E. Saltveit. 2005. Heat shock treatments delay the increase in wound induced phenylalanine ammonia-ammonia-lyase activity by altering its expression, not its induction in Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa) tissue. Physiol. Plant 132: 82-91.
  5. Campos-Vargas, R. and M.E. Saltveit. 2002. Involvement of putative chemical wound signals in the induction of phenolic metabolism in wounded lettuce. Physiol. Plant 114: 73-84. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1140111.x
  6. Chen, J.Y., P.F. Wen, W.F. Kong, Q.H. Pan, J.C. Zhan, J.M. Li, S.B. Wan and W.D. Huang. 2006. Effect of salicylic acid on phenylpropanoids and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in harvested grape berries. Postharvest. Biol. Technol. 40: 64-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2005.12.017
  7. de Costa e Silva, O., L. Klein, E. Schmelzer, G.F. Trezzini and K. Hahlbrock. 1993. BPF-1, a pathogen-induced DNAbinding protein involved in the plant defense response. Plant J. 4: 125-135. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313X.1993.04010125.x
  8. Dicko, M.H., H. Gruppen, C. Barro, A.S. Traore, W.J.H. van Berkel and A.G.J. Voragen. 2005. Impact of phenolic compounds and related enzymes in sorghum varieties for resistance and susceptibility to biotic and abiotic stresses. J. Chem. Ecol. 31: 2671-2688. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-005-7619-5
  9. Douglas, C.J. 1996. Phenylpropanoid metabolism and lignin biosynthesis: from weeds to trees. Trends Plant Sci. 1: 171-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/1360-1385(96)10019-4
  10. Foyer, C.H., P. Descourvieres and K.J. Kunert. 1994. Protection against oxygen radicals: An important defense mechanism studied in transgenic plants. Plant Cell Environ. 17: 507-523. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1994.tb00146.x
  11. Fukasawa-Akada, T., S.D. Kung and J.C. Watson. 1996. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene structure, expression, and evolution in Nicotiana. Plant Mol. Biol. 30: 711-722. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00019006
  12. Guo, J. and M.H. Wang. 2009. Characterization of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (SlPAL5) from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Mol. Biol. Rep. 36: 1579-1585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-008-9354-9
  13. Hasegawa, P.M., R.A. Bressan, J.K. Zhu and H.J. Bohnert. 2000. Plant cellular and molecular responses to high salinity. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 51: 463-499. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.51.1.463
  14. Kim, H.J., J.M. Fonseca, J.H. Choi and C. Kubota. 2007. Effect of methyl jasmonate on phenolic compounds and carotenoid of Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). J. Agric. Food Chem. 55: 10366-10372. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf071927m
  15. Lafuente, M.T., L. Zacarias, M.A. Martinez-Telez, M.T. Sanchez-Ballesta and A. Granell. 2003. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and ethylene in relation to chilling injury as affected by fruit age in citrus. Postharvest. Biol. Technol. 29: 308-317.
  16. Lawton, M.A. and C.J. Lamb. 1987. Transcriptional activation of plant defense genes by fungal elicitor, wounding and infection. Mol. Cell Biol. 7: 335-341. https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.7.1.335
  17. Lee, S., S.Y. Kim, E. Chung, Y.H. Joung, H.S. Pai and C.G. Hur. 2004. EST and microarray analyses of pathogen responsive genes in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) nonhost resistance against soybean pustule pathogen (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines). Funct. Integr. Genomics 4: 196-205.
  18. Leyva, A., J.A. Jarillo, J. Salinas and J.M. Martinez-Zapater. 1995. Low temperature induces the accumulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase mRNAs of Araidopsis thaliana in a light-dependent manner. Plant Physiol. 108: 39-46. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.108.1.39
  19. Liang, X., M. Dron, C.L. Cramer, R.A. Dixon and C.J. Lamb. 1989. Differential regulation of phenylalanine ammonialyase genes during plant development and by environmental cues. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 14486-14492.
  20. Mahesh, V., J.J. Rakotomalala, L.L. Gal, H. Vigne, A. de Kochko, S. Hamon, M. Noirot and C. Campa. 2006. Isolation and genetic mapping of a Coffea canephora phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (CcPAL1) and its involvement in the accumulation of caffeoyl quinic acids. Plant Cell Rep. 25: 986-992. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-006-0152-3
  21. Murashige, T. and F. Skoog. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant 15: 473-497. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x
  22. Pellegrini, L., O. Rohfritsch, B. Fritig and M. Legrand. 1994. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in tobacco. Plant Physiol. 106: 877-886. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.106.3.877
  23. Reichert, A.I., X.Z. He and R.A. Dixon. 2009. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum): characterization of the four tobacco PAL genes and active heterotetrameric enzymes. Biochem. J. 424: 233–242. https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20090620
  24. Rivero, R.M., J.M. Ruiz, P.C. Garcia, L.R. Lopez-Lefebre, E. Sanchez and L. Romero. 2001. Resistance to cold and heat stress: accumulation of phenolic compounds in tomato and watermelon plants. Plant Sci. 160: 315-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(00)00395-2
  25. Wanner, L.A., G. Li, D. Ware, I.E. Somssich and K.R. Davis. 1995. The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol. Biol. 27: 327-338. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00020187
  26. Yang, Y., J. Shah and D.F. Klessig. 1997. Signal perception and transduction in plant defense responses. Gene Dev. 11: 1621-1639. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.11.13.1621
  27. Zhu, J.K. 2002. Salt and drought stress signal transduction in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 53: 247-273. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.53.091401.143329