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Inhibition of Microbial Growth in Cabbage-Kimchi by Heat Treatment and Nisin·Yucca Extract

열처리 및 나이신·유카추출물 첨가에 의한 김치의 미생물 증식 저해

  • Kim, Ji-Sun (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Yu-Jin (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Park, Jung-Mi (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Tae-Jip (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Beom-Soo (Dept of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Yeon-Mi (Jinmi Ltd.) ;
  • Kim, Hye-Rim (Jinmi Ltd.) ;
  • Han, Nam-Soo (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University)
  • Received : 2010.08.06
  • Accepted : 2010.09.10
  • Published : 2010.11.30

Abstract

For extension of storage period of cabbage-kimchi, effects of heat treatment as well as nisin or yucca extract were examined on the growth of microbes. Firstly, when kimchi was heated at various temperatures in polyethylene plastic bottle or membrane pouch, the optimum inhibitory condition giving no sensory change was at $80^{\circ}C$ for 30 min in a plastic membrane pouch and this treatment made a reduction of $0.3\;log_{10}CFU/g$ in total microbes. The result showed that use of plastic bottle was inefficient due to low heat transfer rate. Interestingly, pasteurization of seasoning pastes at $80^{\circ}C$ for 30 min separately from cabbage resulted in better inhibitory effect reducing $0.5\;log_{10}CFU/g$ of total bacteria and $1.0\;log_{10}CFU/g$ of lactic acid bacteria, and this operation was regarded as a promising inhibitory method. Secondly, when nisin and yucca extract were separately added in kimchi, microbial growth was inhibited during storage period and their inhibition effects were enhanced at lower temperature.

본 실험은 김치의 유통기한을 연장하고자 배추김치에 열처리 및 천연보존료를 첨가하여 그 효과를 조사하였다. 400g의 배추김치를 각각 원형 polyethylene 플라스틱 용기에 담고 $90^{\circ}C$에서 120분 처리하였을 때, $2.0\;log_{10}CFU/g$만큼 총 균수가 감소하였으나 열처리 10분 만에 용기의 변형이 일어났고, 김치의 관능변화가 감지되어 부적절한 조건으로 판정되었다. 필름 파우치에 김치를 옮겨 열처리하였을 때는 $80^{\circ}C$에서 30분 이하로 열처리하였을 때 $0.3\;log_{10}CFU/g$의 저해효과를 보여 효과는 크지 않았지만 김치의 관능변화를 일으키지 않는 적정조건이었다. 반면에, 배추 조직의 느린 열전달과 열처리 시 관능 변화 특성을 고려하여 김치 부재료 양념을 절임배추와 혼합 전 별도 열처리를 실시한 결과, $80^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 30분 열처리하였을 때 총 균수를 $0.5\;log_{10}CFU/g$, 그리고 유산균을 $1.0\;log_{10}CFU/g$만큼 저해하여 배추김치 살균보다도 더 효과적인 방법으로 판명되었다. 또한, 나이신과 유카추추물을 첨가한 김치를 한 달간 저장하며 미생물의 저해 효과를 확인한 결과 $5^{\circ}C$에 보관할 때에 두 처리구 모두 저장기간 동안 유산균의 생육을 저해하는 효과를 보였다. 나이신과 유카추출물의 경우 모두 낮은 온도에서($5^{\circ}C$) 높은 초기 미생물의 저해 효과를 보였다. 이 연구 결과는 저온살균법의 물리적 방법과 나이신 또는 유카추출물과 같은 천연보존료를 사용하는 화학적방법이 각각 김치의 초기 미생물을 감소시키고 유통기간 동안 미생물의 생육속도를 저해하는데 효과적임을 보여준다.

Keywords

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