References
- Accordino, R., Visentin, A., Bordin, A., Ferrazzoni, S., Marian, E., Rizzato, F., Canova, C., Venturini, R. and Maestrelli, P. (2008). Long-term repeatability of exhaled breath condensate pH in asthma. Respiratory Medicine, 102(3), 377-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2007.10.014
- American Thoracic Society; European Respiratory Society. (2005). ATS/ERS recommendations for standardized procedures for the online and offline measurement of exhaled lower respiratory nitric oxide and nasal nitric oxide, 2005. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 171(8), 912-930. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200406-710ST
- ATS Workshop Proceedings (2006). Exhaled nitric oxide and nitric oxide oxidative metabolism in exhaled breath condensate: Executive summary. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 173(7), 811-813. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.2601014
- Balint, B., Donnelly, L.E., Hanazawa, T., Kharitonov, S.A. and Barnes, P.J. (2001). Increased nitric oxide metabolites in exhaled breath condensate after exposure to tobacco smoke. Thorax, 56(6), 456-461. https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax.56.6.456
- Becker, S., Soukup, J.M., Gilmour, M.I. and Devlin, R.B. (1996). Stimulation of human and rat alveolar macrophages by urban air particles: effects on oxidant radical generation and cytokine production. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 141, 637-648. https://doi.org/10.1006/taap.1996.0330
- Bloemen, K., Lissens, G., Desager, K. and Schoesters, G. (2007). Determinants of variability of protein content, volume and pH of exhaled breath condensate. Respiratory Medicine, 101(6), 1331-1337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2006.10.008
- Borrill, Z.L., Roy, K. and Singh, D. (2008). Exhaled breath condensate biomarkers in COPD. Eur. Respir. J., 32(2), 472-486. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00116107
- Borrill, Z.L., Smith, J.A., Naylor, J., Woodcock, A.A. and Singh, D. (2006). The effect of gas standardisation on exhaled breath condensate pH. Eur. Respir. J., 28(1), 251-252. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.06.00026706
- Borrill, Z., Starkey, C., Vestbo, J. and Singh, D. (2005). Reproducibility of exhaled breath condensate pH in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J., 25(2), 269-274. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.05.00085804
- Brindicci, C., Ito, K., Resta, O., Pride, N.B., Barnes, P.J. and Kharitonov, S.A. (2005). Exhaled nitric oxide from lung periphery is increased in COPD. Eur. Respir. J., 26(1), 52-59. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.04.00125304
- Brusasco, V., Crapo, R. and Viegi, G. (2005). Series “ATS/ERS Task Force: Standardisation of lung function testing’. Eur. Respir. J., 26, 318-338.
- Castranova, V., Vallyathan, V., Ramsey, D.M., McLaurin, J.L., Pack, D., Leonard, S., Barger, M.W., Ma, J.Y., Dalal, N.S. and Teass, A. (1997). Augmentation of pulmonary reactions to quartz inhalation by trace amounts of iron-containing particles. Environ. Health Perspect., 105(5), 1319-1324. https://doi.org/10.2307/3433554
- Cohen, R.A.C., Patel, A. and Green, F.H.Y. (2008). Lung disease caused by exposure to coal mine and silica dust. Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 29, 651-661. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1101275
- Condorelli, P., Shin, H.W., Aledia, A.S., Silkoff, P.E. and George, S.C. (2007). A simple technique to characterize proximal and peripheral nitric oxide exchange using constant flow exhalations and an axial diffusion model. J. Appl. Physiol., 102(1), 417-425. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00533.2006
- Dalal, N.S., Jafari, B., Peterson, M., Green, F.H. and Vallyathan, V. (1991). Presence of stable coal radicals in autopsied coal miners’ lungs and its possible correlation to coal worker’s pneumoconiosis. Arch. Environ. Health, 46, 366-372. https://doi.org/10.1080/00039896.1991.9934404
- Degano, B., Mittaine, M., Herve, P., Rami, J., Kamar, N., Suc, B., Riviere, D. and Rostaing, L. (2009). Nitric oxide production by the alveolar compartment of the lungs in cirrhotic patients. Eur. Respir. J., 34(1), 138-144. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00148008
- Effros, R.M., Casaburi, R., Su, J., Dunning, M., Torday, J., Biller, J. and Shaker, R. (2006). The effects of volatile salivary acids and bases on exhaled breath condensate pH. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 173(4), 386-392. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200507-1059OC
- Effros, R.M., Su, J., Casaburi, R., Shaker, R., Biller, J. and Dunning, M. (2005). Utility of exhaled breath condensates in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a critical review. Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med., 11(2), 135-139. https://doi.org/10.1097/00063198-200503000-00006
- Ferreira, I.M., Hazarim, M.S., Gutierrezm, C., Zamelm, N. and Chapmanm, K.R. (2001). Exhaled nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: effects of inhaled beclomethasone. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 164(6), 1012-1015. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.164.6.2012139
- George, S.C., Hogman, M.M., Permutt, M.S. and Silkoff, M.P.E. (2004). Modeling pulmonary nitric oxide exchange. J. Appl. Physiol., 96(3), 831-839. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00950.2003
- Girgis, R.E., Gugnani, M.K., Abrams, J. and Mayes, M.D. (2002). Partitioning of alveolar and conducting airway nitric oxide in scleroderma lung disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 165(12), 1587-1591. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.2104003
- Goldbart, A.D., Krishna, J., Li, R.C., Serpero, L.D. and Gozal, D. (2006). Inflammatory mediators in exhaled breath condensate of children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Chest, 130(1), 143-148. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.130.1.143
- Grob, N.M., Aytekin, M. and Dweik, R.A. (2008). Biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate: a review of collection, processing and analysis. J. Breath Res., 2(3), 1-18.
- Gulumian, M., Borm, P.J.A., Vallyathan, V., Castranova, V., Donaldson, K., Nelson, G. and Murray, J. (2006). Mechanistically identified suitable biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility for silicosis and coal-worker’s pneumoconiosis: a comprehensive review. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health., Part B, 9, 357-395. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287390500196537
- Horvath, I., Hunt, J. and Barnes, P.J. (2005). ATS/ERS Task Force. Exhaled breath condensate: methodological recommendations and unresolved questions. Eur. Respir. J., 26(3), 523-548. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.05.00029705
- Hunt, J. (2007). Exhaled breath condensate pH assays. Immunol. Allergy Clin. North Am., 27(4), 597-606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iac.2007.09.006
- Hunt, J.F., Erwin, E., Palmer, L., Vaughan, J., Malhotra, N., Platts-Mills, T.A. and Gaston, B. (2002). Expression and activity of pH-regulatory glutaminase in the human airway epithelium. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 165(1), 101-107. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.165.1.2104131
- Hunt, J.F., Fang, K., Malik, R., Snyder, A., Malhotra, N., Platts-Mills, T.A. and Gaston, B. (2000). Endogenous airway acidification. Implications for asthma pathophysiology. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 161(3 Pt 1), 694-699. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.161.3.9911005
- IARC (1997). IARC Monograph on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. In: Silica, some silicates, coal dust and para-aramid fibrils, Vol. 68. IARC Press, Geneva, Switzerland.
- ILO (2002). Guidelines for the use of the ILO international classification of radiographs of pneumoconiosis. Geneva, International Labor Organization.
- Kharitonov, S.A. and Barnes, P.J. (2002). Biomarkers of some pulmonary diseases in exhaled breath. Biomarkers, 7(1), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/13547500110104233
- Kharitonov, S.A. and Barnes, P.J. (2006). Exhaled biomarkers. Chest, 130(5), 1541-1546. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.130.5.1541
- Kharitonov, S.A., Donnelly, L.E., Montuschi, P., Corradi, M., Collins, J.V. and Barnes, P.J. (2002). Dose-dependent onset and cessation of action of inhaled budesonide on exhaled nitric oxide and symptoms in mild asthma. Thorax, 57(10), 889-896. https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax.57.10.889
- Kostikas, K., Papatheodorou, G., Ganas, K., Psathakis, K., Panagou, P. and Loukides, S. (2002). pH in expired breath condensate of patients with inflammatory airway diseases. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 165(10), 1364-1370. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200111-068OC
- Lehtonen, H., Oksa, P., Lehtimaki, L., Sepponen, A., Nieminen, R., Kankaanranta, H., Saarelainen, S., Jarvenpaa, R., Uitti, J. and Moilanen, E. (2007). Increased alveolar nitric oxide concentration and high levels of leukotriene B4 and 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate in patients with asbestosis. Thorax, 62(7), 602-607. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2006.067868
- Malinovschi, A., Janson, C., Holmkvist, T., Norback, D., Merilainen, P. and Hogman, M. (2006). Effect of smoking on exhaled nitric oxide and flow-independent nitric oxide exchange parameters. Eur. Respir. J., 28(2), 339-345. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.06.00113705
- Maziak, W., Loukides, S., Culpitt, S., Sullivan, P., Kharitonov, S.A. and Barnes, P.J. (1998). Exhaled nitric oxide in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 157(3 Pt 1), 998-1002. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.157.3.97-05009
- Montes de Oca, M., Loeb, E., Torris, S.H., Sanctis, J.D., Hernadez, N. and Talamo, C. (2008). Peripheral muscle alterations in non-COPD smokers. Chest, 133, 13-18. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.07-1592
- Montuschi, P. (2005). Exhaled breath condensate analysis in patients with COPD. Clinica. Chimica. Acta, 356, 22-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cccn.2005.01.012
- Montuschi, P., Collins, J.V., Ciabattoni, G., Lazzeri, N., Corradi, M., Kharitonov, S.A. and Barnes, P.J. (2000). Exhaled 8-isoprostane as an in vivo biomarker of lung oxidative stress in patients with COPD and healthy smokers. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 162(3 pt1), 1175-1177. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.162.3.2001063
- Nicolaou, N.C., Lowe, L.A., Murray, C.S., Woodcock, A., Simpson, A. and Custovic, A. (2006). Exhaled breath condensate pH and childhood asthma: unselected birth cohort study. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 174(3), 254-259. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200601-140OC
- Niimi, A., Nguyen, L.T., Usmani, O., Mann, B. and Chung, K.F. (2004): Reduced pH and chloride levels in exhaled breath condensate of patients with chronic cough. Thorax, 59(7), 608-612. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2003.012906
- Noriaki, T., Fumihiko, J. and Fumiyuki, A. (1993). Simultaneous determination of cotinine and creatinine by high performance liquid chromatography. Jpn. J. Ind. Health, 35, 198-199.
- Nowak, D., Antczak, A., Krol, M., Pietras, T., Shariati, B., Bialasiewicz, P., Jeczkowski, K. and Kula, P. (1996). Increased content of hydrogen peroxide in the exhaled breath of cigarette smokers. Eur. Respir. J., 9(4), 652-657. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.96.09040652
-
Nowak, D., Kalucka, S., Bial⁄asiewicz, P. and Krol, M. (2001). Exhalation of
$H_2O_2$ and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) by healthy subjects. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 30(2), 178-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(00)00457-3 - Paget-Brown, A.O., Ngamtrakulpanit, L., Smith, A., Bunyan, D., Hom, S., Nguyen, A. and Hunt, J.F. (2006). Normative data for pH of exhaled breath condensate. Chest, 129(2), 426-430. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.129.2.426
- Paredi, P., Sergei, A., Kharitonov, S.A. and Barnes, P.J. (2002). Analysis of expired air for oxidation products. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 166(12 Pt 2), S31-37. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.2206012
- Porter, D.W., Hubbs, A.F., Mercer, R., Robinson, V.A., Ramsey, D., McLaurin, J., Khan, A., Battelli, L., Mrumbaugh, K., Teass, A. and Castranova, V. (2004). Progression of lung inflammation and damage in rats after cessation of silica inhalation. Toxicol. Sci., 79, 370-380. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfh110
- Pryor, W.A. (1997). Cigarette smoke radicals and the role of free radicals in chemical carcinogenicity. Environ. Health Perspect., 105(4), 875-882. https://doi.org/10.2307/3433297
- Rosias, P.P., Den Hartog, G.J., Robroeks, C.M., Bast, A., Donckerwolcke, R.A., Heynens, J.W., Suykerbuyk, J., Hendriks, H.J., Jobsis, Q. and Dompeling, E. (2006). Free radicals in exhaled breath condensate in cystic fibrosis and healthy subjects. Free Radic. Res., 40(9), 901-909. https://doi.org/10.1080/10715760500522648
- Schins, R.P.F. and Borm, P.J.A. (1999). Mechanisms and mediators in coal dust induced toxicity: A review. Am. Occup. Hyg., 43(1), 7-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4878(98)00069-6
- Shoemaker, D.A., Pretty, J.R., Ramsey, D.M., McLaurin, J.L., Khan, A., Teass, A.W., Castranova, V., Pailes, W.H., Dalal, N.S., Miles, P.R., Bowman, L., Leonard, S., Shumaker, J., Vallyathan, V. and Pack, D. (1995). Particle activity and in vivo pulmonary response to freshly milled and aged alpha-quartz. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health, 21(2), 15-18. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3
- Tourmann, J.L. and Kaufmann, R. (1994). Biopersistence of the mineral matter of coal mine dusts in silicotic human lungs: is there a preferential release of iron? Environ. Health Perspect., 102(5), 265-268. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.94102s3265
- Tsoukias, N.M. and George, S.C. (1998). A two-compartment model of pulmonary nitric oxide exchange dynamics. J. Appl. Physiol., 85(2), 653-666. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.85.2.653
- Vallyathan, V. (2004). Oxygen/nitrogen radicals-lung injury and disease: Oxidative stress: antioxidant status in health and disease (Vallyathan et al., Ed). Marcel Deckker, New York, pp. 35-58.
- Vaughan, J., Ngamtrakulpanit, L., Pajewski, T.N., Turner, R., Nguyen, T.A., Smith, A., Urban, P., Hom, S., Gaston, B. and Hunt, J. (2003). Exhaled breath condensate pH is a robust and reproducible assay of airway acidity. Eur. Respir. J., 22(6), 889-894. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.03.00038803
- Wallaert, B., Lassalle, P., Fortin, F., Aerts, C., Bart, F., Fournier, E. and Voisin, C. (1990). Superoxide anion generation by alveolar inflammatory cells in simple pneumoconiosis and in progressive massive fibrosis of nonsmoking coal workers. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 141, 129-133. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/141.1.129
- Wells, K., Vaughan, J., Pajewski, T.N., Hom, S., Ngamtrakkulpanit, L., Smith, A., Nguyen, A., Turner, R. and Hunt, J. (2005). Exhaled breath condensate pH assays are not influenced by oral ammonia. Thorax, 60(1), 27-31. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2003.020602
Cited by
- vol.11, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/17476348.2017.1281746