Journal of Radiation Protection and Research

The Korean Association for Radiation Protection (대한방사선방어학회)
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A Study on Current Status of Detection Technology and Establishment of National Detection Regime against Nuclear/Radiological Terrorism

핵테러/방사능테러 탐지 기술 현황 및 국내 탐지체계 구축 방안에 관한 연구

  • Kwak, Sung-Woo (Korea Institute of Nuclear Non-proliferation and Control) ;
  • Jang, Sung-Soon (Korea Institute of Nuclear Non-proliferation and Control) ;
  • Lee, Joung-Hoon (Korea Institute of Nuclear Non-proliferation and Control) ;
  • Yoo, Ho-Sik (Korea Institute of Nuclear Non-proliferation and Control)
  • Published : 2009.09.30
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Abstract

Since 1990s, some events - detection of a dirty bomb in a Russian nation park in 1995, 9/11 terrorist attack to WTC in 2001, discovery of Al-Qaeda's experimentation to build a dirty bomb in 2003 etc - have showed that nuclear or radiological terrorism relating to radioactive materials (hereinafter "radioactive materials" is referred to as "nuclear material, nuclear spent fuel and radioactive source") is not incredible but serious and credible threat. Thus, to respond to the new threat, the international community has not only strengthened security and physical protection of radioactive materials but also established prevention of and response to illicit trafficking of radioactive materials. In this regard, our government has enacted or revised the national regulatory framework with a view to improving security of radioactive materials and joined the international convention or agreement to meet this international trend. For the purpose of prevention of nuclear/radiological terrorism, this paper reviews physical characteristics of nuclear material and existing detection instruments used for prevention of illicit trafficking. Finally, national detection regime against nuclear/radiological terrorism based on paths of the smuggled radioactive materials to terrorist's target building/area, national topography and road networks, and defence-in-depth concept is suggested in this paper. This study should contribute to protect people's health, safety and environment from nuclear/radiological terrorism.

1990년대 이후부터 현재까지 일련의 사건들은 - 1995년 러시아 국립공원에서 매설된 오염폭탄발견, 2001년 9/11 테러, 2003년 알카에다 오염폭탄 실험 증거 발견등 - 방사성물질 (본 논문에서 언급한 "방사성물질"은 "핵물질 사용후핵연료 방사성동위원소"를 말함)을 이용한 핵테러 및 방사능테러 (본 논문에서는 "핵테러 및 방사능테러"를 간단히 "핵테러/방사능테러"로 표시함)가 공상과학소설이 아닌 실제적으로 발생가능할 심각한 위협임을 보여준다. 이에 따라 세계는 새롭게 대두된 위협에 효과적으로 대응하기 위해 방사성물질에 대한 보안(security)과 물리적방호(physical protection)를 강화하고 방사성물질 불법거래 예방 및 대응체제를 구축하도록 요구하고 있다. 우리나라는 이러한 국제적 추세에 부응하기 위해, 관련 법 체제를 제 개정하고 국제협약 혹은 기구에 합의하거나 가입하였다. 본 논문에서는 핵테러/방사능테러 예방의 일환으로 방사성동위원소에 비해 상대적으로 복잡한 붕괴 과정을 가진 핵물질의 물리적 특성을 살펴보고, 현재 운영되고 있는 핵테러/방사능테러 탐지 장비들의 특성을 파악한다. 검토된 장비들의 특성과 함께 국외에서 국내로 불법 유입된 방사성물질이 목표 지점까지 도달되는 과정, 국내 지형적 특정 그리고 다중 방어적 개념을 고려하여 핵테러/방사능테러 탐지체계 구축 방안을 제안한다. 본 논문은 핵테러/방사능테러로부터 국민의 건강, 안전 그리고 환경을 보호하는데 중요한 기여를 할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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