Effects of Calcium and Indole-3-butyric acid Treatments on Calcium Concentration and Stem-End Browning in 'Fuyu' Sweet Persimmons

칼슘제 및 IBA 처리가 '부유' 단감과실의 칼슘함량 및 과정부 갈변현상에 미치는 영향

  • Kim, Young (Korea Seed Variety Service Seobu Office) ;
  • Kim, Wol-Soo (Chonnam National University, Department of Horticulture Gwangju) ;
  • Choi, Hyun-Sug (University of Arkansas, Department of Horticulture) ;
  • Gu, Mengmeng (Mississippi State University, Plant and Soil Science)
  • 김영 (국립종자원 서부지원) ;
  • 김월수 (전남대학교 원예학과) ;
  • 최현석 (아칸소주립대학교 원예학과) ;
  • 구멍멍 (미시시피주립대학교 원예학과)
  • Published : 2009.08.30

Abstract

'Fuyu' (Diospyros kaki L.) is an important sweet persimmon cultivar, and the fruits are often stored in a modified atmosphere after harvesting in South Korea. However, blossom-end browning and darkening of fruit often occur after harvest or during storage, which decreases fruit quality in the fresh fruit market. High fruit calcium concentration would reduce oxidation of phenolic compounds in the cytoplasm such oxidation is responsible for fruit browning. This study investigated the effects of soluble calcium fertilization and foliar application, and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) fertilization on fruit quality and browning. Trees received one of the following five treatments: 1) control (no calcium or IBA); 2) calcium fertilization (Ca FG, 2 mL per tree); 3) calcium foliar application (Ca FA, 2 mL); 4) calcium and IBA fertilization (Ca+IBA) 5) IBA fertilization (IBA, 2 mL. Fruit calcium concentration was highest in trees treated by Ca FA, and lowest in control trees. Generally, fruit calcium concentration was high in the stem end but low in the blossom end, which usually first develops fruit-browning symptoms. There were no apparent differences in fruit qualities such as firmness, soluble solid content, and weight among treatments. Fruit browning occurred at frequencies of about 14%, 20%, and 50% on Ca FA, Ca FG, and control trees, respectively. Therefore, the improved fruit calcium level seen when trees received Ca or IBA application tended to prevent fruit browning, which increased fruit quality and storage properties.

단감 '부유' 품종은 저장 단감의 대부분을 차지하고 있다. 저장중 발생하는 과정부갈변 현상과 과피흑변 현상은 과일의 상품성 저하의 주 원인이 되고 있으며, 과실내에서 칼슘함량이 상대적으로 낮은 부위에서 단감의 갈변이 발생하고 있다. 따라서 본 시험은 재배 중 토양관주 및 엽면시비가 토양 수체 및 과실내 칼슘 함량과 갈변발생에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 과실중 칼슘 함량은 Ca 엽면시비에서 칼슘 함량이 다른 처리구에 비해 가장 높게 나타났으며 다음으로 Ca + IBA 처리구와 Ca 관주 처리의 순으로 나타났다. 토양관주처리에 의한 흡수가 일정부분 이루어진 것으로 판단된다. 과일부위별 칼슘 함량은 경와부>적도면>과정부 순으로 나타나, 갈변이 주로 발생하는 부위인 과정부에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 과일 특성 조사에서 당도, 경도, 중량은 처리간 뚜렷한 경향차를 보이지 않았다. 이후 저온 저장 후 상온 보관에서 1주일이 지났을 때 과정부갈변과 발생이 Ca 엽면시비에서 14%, Ca 관주에서 20%로 대조구의 50%에 비해 현저히 감소하는 경향을 보여주었다. 이상의 결과에서 토양관주처리와 엽면시비를 통해 토양, 엽 및 과실내 칼슘 함량이 증가함을 보여주었고, 특히 과실 과정부의 칼슘 함량의 증가로 저장중 과정부갈변이 크게 감소한 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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