Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Variation of Phenolic Ingredient and Ginsenoside Content in Red ginseng Extract by Acid Treatment

Ascorbic acid 및 citric acid 처리에 따른 홍삼추출물의 페놀성 성분 및 ginsenoside 함량 변화

  • Published : 2009.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The changes that would occur in a content of five phenolic ingredients and eight ginsenosides in acid-treatedred ginseng extracts were measured in this study. Acid-treated-red ginseng was prepared by treating with 1 M ascorbic acid or citric acid for 20 min. As a result, the contents of esculetin and quercetin in citric acid-treated-red ginseng increased by 3.5 times and 2.0 times, respectively, compared with control red ginseng. However, all phenolic ingredients decreased after treatment with ascorbic acid. In addition, the contents of ginsenoside Rg$_3$, Rh$_2$, Rd increased but those of Rb$_1$, Rc, Re, Rf, Rg$_1$ decreased after acid treatment. Although these tendency of results are similar, the rate of change of ginsenosides in citric acid-treated-red ginseng was higher than in ascorbic acid-treated-red ginseng. These results indicated that citric acid is more effective in the conversion of ginseng ingredients than ascorbic acid.

본 연구에서는 수삼을 식품에 쓰이는 산화 방지제인 ascorbic acid와 citric acid로 처리하여 홍삼을 제조한 후 활성성분인 페놀화합물과 진세노사이드의 추출물내 함량 변화를 HPLC를 이용하여 살펴보았다. 분석결과 citric acid 처리 홍삼에서 esculetin과 quercetin 함량이 무처리 홍삼에 비하여 각각 3.5 배, 2.0 배 증가하였고 ginsenoside 함량 역시 citric acid 처리시의 Rg$_3$, Rd, Rh$_2$ 증가량이 ascobic acid 처리시에 비하여 높았다. 따라서 인삼추출물의 이들 특정활성성분 강화를 위하여는 citric acid 처리가 효과적인 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Nam KY. Contemporary Korean ginseng (Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activity). Korean Ginseng & Tabacco Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea, 1-54 (1996)
  2. Shiabta S. Studies on constituents of Japanese and Chinese crude drugs XI. Panaxadol, a sapogenin of ginseng roots(1). Chem Pharm Bull. 11: 59-76 (1973)
  3. Horhammer L, Wagner H. Lay B. Zur Kenntnis der Inhartsstoffevon radix Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. Pharm Ztg. 106: 1307-1311 (1961)
  4. Kitagawa I, Taniyama T, Yoshikawa M, Ikenishi Y, Nakagawa Y. Chemical studies on crude drug processing VI. Chemical structures of malonyle ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd isolated from the root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Chem Pharm Bull. 37: 2961-2970 (1989) https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.37.2961
  5. Zhang S, Takeda T, Zhu T, Chen Y, Yao X, Tanaka O, Okihara Y. A new minor saponin from the leaves of Panax ginseng. Planta Med. 56: 298-300 (1990) https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-960963
  6. Park JD. Recent studies on the chemical constituents of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer). Korean J Ginseng Sci. 20: 389-396 (1996)
  7. Okuda H. Medicinal Korean ginseng 95. Kyoritsu Pub. Co., Tokyo, Japan, P. 233 (1995)
  8. Kwak YS, Shin HJ, Song YB, Kyung JS, Wee JJ, Park JD. Effect of oral administration of red ginseng acidic polysaccharide (RG AP) on the tumor growth inhibition. J Ginseng Res. 29: 176-181 (2005) https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2005.29.4.176
  9. Yun TK, Lee YS, Lee YH, Yun HY. Cancer chemopreventive compounds of red ginseng produced from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. J Ginseng Res. 25: 107-111 (2001)
  10. Keum YS, Park KK, Lee JM, Chun KS, Park JH, Lee SK, Kwon H, Surh YJ. Antioxidant and anti-tumor promoting activities of the methanol extract of heat processed ginseng. Cancer Lett. 150: 41-48 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3835(99)00369-9
  11. Jeon BH, Kim HS, Chang SJ. Effect of saponin and nonsaponin of Panax ginseng on the blood pressure in the renovascular hypertensive rats. J Ginseng Res. 23: 81-87 (1999)
  12. Kim DH, Kwak KH, Lee KJ, Kim SJ. Effects of Korea res ginseng total saponin on repeated unpredictable stress induced changes of proliferation of neural progenitor cells and BDNF mRNA expression in adult rat hippocampus. J Ginseng Res. 28: 94-103 (2004) https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2004.28.2.094
  13. Lee JH, Park HJ. Effects of lipophilic fraction from Korean red ginseng on platelet aggregation and blood co-agulation in rats fed with corn oil and beeftallow diet. Kor J Ginseng Sci. 19: 206-211 (1995)
  14. Bae KC, Kim SH. Antioxidant effects of Korea ginseng radix, Korea red ginseng radix and total saponin. Kor J Orient Med Pathol. 12: 72-81 (1998)
  15. Choi M, Shin GJ, Choi GP, Do JH, Kim JD. Synergistic effects of extracts from Korean red ginseng, Saururus chinensis Baill. and Rubus coreanus Miq. on antioxidative activities in rats. Korean J Med Crop Sci. 14: 27-30 (2003)
  16. Lee SE, Lee SW, Bang JK, Yu YJ, Seong NS. Antioxidant activities of leaf, stem and root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. Kor J Med Crop Sci. 12: 237-242 (2001)
  17. Hwang EY, Kong YH, Lee YC, Kim YC, Yoo KM, Jo YO, Choi SY. Comparison of phenolic compounds contents between white and red ginseng and their inhiibitory effect on melanin biosynthesis. J Ginseng Res. 30: 82-87 (2006) https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2006.30.2.082
  18. Kong YH, Lee YC, Choi SY. Neuroprotective and antiinflammatory effects of phenolic compounds in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. J Ginseng Res. 33: 111-114 (2009) https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2009.33.2.111
  19. Han BH, Park MH, Han YN. Degradation of ginseng under mild acidic condition. Planta Med. 44: 146-149 (1982) https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-971425
  20. Chang JK , Park CK, Shim KH. Changes in chemical components of red ginseng processed from the fresh ginseng stored at low temperature. Kor J Food Preserv. 10: 158-161 (2003)
  21. Jeong SI, Lee TG, Kim CS, Lee S. Property and inhibition of hydrolysis of ginseng saponins by organic acids neutralization in ginseng extract preparations. Kor J Med Corp Sci. 6: 305-310 (1998)
  22. Ota T, Mada M, Odashima S. Mechanism of action of ginsenoside Rh2 uptake and metabolism of ginsenoside Rh2 by cultured B16 melanoma cells. J Pharm Sci. 80: 1141-1146 (1991) https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600801210
  23. Park JA, Lee KY, Oh YI, Kim KW, Kim SI. Activation of caspase-3 protease via a Bcl-2-insensitive pathway during the process of ginsenoside Rh2-induced apoptosis. Cancer Lett. 121: 73-81 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3835(97)00333-9
  24. Tode T, Kikuchi Y, Kita T, Hirata J, Imaizumi E, Nagata I. Inhibitory effects of oral administration of ginsenoside Rh2 on growth of human ovarian cancers in nude mice. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 120: 24-26 (1993) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01200720
  25. Kikuchi Y, Sasa H, Kita T, Hirata J, Tode T, Nagata I. Inhibition of human ovarian cancer cell proliferation in vitro by ginsenoside Rh2 and adjuvant effects to cisplatin in vivo. Anticancer Drugs (England). 2: 63-67 (1991) https://doi.org/10.1097/00001813-199102000-00009
  26. Park JD, Kim DS. Effects of ginseng saponin on modulation of multidrug resistance. Arch Pharm Res. 19: 213-218 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976892
  27. Mochizuki M, Yoo YC, Matsuzawa K, Sata K, Saiki I, Tono-Oka S, Samukawa K, Azuma I. Inhibitory effect of tumor metastasis in mice by saponins, ginsenoside-Rb2, 20 (R)-, and 20 (S)-ginsenoside-Rg3, of red ginseng. Biol Pharm Bull. 18: 1197-1202 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.18.1197
  28. Matsuda H, Kubo T, Kubo M. Chemical changes of ginsenoside -Rb1 in stomath and improving effects of its product, 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg3 on a peripheral circulation disorder. The Ginseng Review 28: 12-15 (2000)
  29. Samukawa K, Mattsuda H, Kubo M. Inhibition of thrombocyte aggregation of red ginseng. -Effects of ginsenosides on pulmonary thromboenbolism. The Ginseng Review 14: 57-61 (1992)
  30. Tachikawa E, Kudo K, Nunokawa M, Kashimoto T, Takahashi E, Kitagawa S. Characterization of ginseng saponin ginsenoside-Rg3 inhibition of catecholamine secretion in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 62: 943-951 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(01)00743-2

Cited by

  1. Changes in ginsenoside patterns of red ginseng extracts according to manufacturing and storage conditions pp.2092-6456, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-017-0149-4
  2. Ginsenoside, Phenolic Acid Composition and Physiological Significances of Fermented Ginseng Leaf vol.39, pp.8, 2010, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.8.1194
  3. Determination of the transformation of ginsenosides in Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma during decoction with water using ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry vol.41, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201701228