KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research (대한토목학회논문집)

Korean Society of Civil Engeneers (대한토목학회)
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Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulations of Open-Channel Flows with Alternate Vegetated Zones

교행식생 영역을 갖는 개수로 흐름에서의 3차원 수치모의

  • 강형식 (한국건설기술원 하천.해안항만연구실) ;
  • 김규호 (한국건설기술원 하천.해안항만연구실) ;
  • 임동균 (한국건설기술원 하천.해안항만연구실)
  • Received : 2009.01.05
  • Accepted : 2009.04.10
  • Published : 2009.05.31
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Abstract

In the present paper, turbulent open-channel flows with alternate vegetated zones are numerically simulated using threedimensional model. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes Equations are solved with the ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ model. The CFD code developed by Olsen(2004) is used for the present study. For model validation, the partly vegetated channel flows are simulated, and the computed depth-averaged mean velocity and Reynolds stress are compared with measured data in the literature. Comparisons reveal that the present model successfully predicts the mean flow and turbulent structures in vegetated open-channel. However, it is found that the ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ model cannot accurately predict the momentum transfer at the interface between the vegetated zone and the non-vegetated zone. It is because the ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ model is the isotropic turbulence model. Next, the open channel flows with alternate vegetated zones are simulated. The computed mean velocities are compared well with the previously reported measured data. Good agreement between the simulated results and the experimental data was found. Also, the turbulent flows are computed for different densities of vegetation. It is found that the vegetation curves the flow and the meandering flow pattern becomes more obvious with increasing vegetation density. When the vegetation density is 9.97%, the recirculation flows occur at the locations opposite to the vegetation zones. The impacts of vegetation on the flow velocity and the water surface elevation are also investigated.

본 연구에서는 흐름방향으로 식생 영역이 교차적으로 식재된 교행식생 수로에서의 3차원 수치모의를 수행하였다. 지배방정식에서의 난류 폐합을 위해 ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ 모형을 적용하였으며, 수치모형은 Olsen(2004)이 개발한 3차원 모형을 이용하였다. 먼저, 3차원 수치모형을 이용하여 하상의 일부가 식재된 부분 식생 수로를 수치모의 하고, 계산된 적분유속 및 레이놀즈응력을 기존의 실험 결과와 비교하였다. 그 결과 본 모형이 식생 수로에서의 평균 유속 분포를 매우 잘 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ 모형이 등방성 모형이므로 식생과 비식생 영역의 경계면 부근에서 발생되는 운동량 교환 효과를 정확히 예측할 수 없는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 주흐름방향으로 식생 영역이 교차적으로 존재하는 교행식생 수로를 수치모의 하고, 계산된 유속 분포를 기존의 실험 결과와 비교한 결과, 계산 유속과 실험 결과가 매우 잘 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 다양한 밀도에 따른 유속 벡터도를 계산한 결과, 식생밀도가 증가함에 따라 식생이 흐름 방향을 변화 시켜 점차 만곡수로와 유사한 형태의 유속 벡터도를 갖는 것으로 나타났으며, 식생 밀도 ${\alpha}$가 9.97%인 경우에는 식생 반대 측벽 영역에서 재순환 흐름이 형성되는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 식생 밀도에 따른 단면 유속 분포도 및 편수위 변화를 살펴보았다.

Keywords

References

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