Relation between Hair Tissue Mineral Elements and Heart Rate Variabilities of the Metabolic Syndrome

대사증후군에 대한 모발미네랄함량과 심박변이도의 연관성 연구

  • Kim, Hyun-Jin (Dept. of Oriental Gynecology, Jein Oriental Hospital) ;
  • Ie, Jae-Eun (Dept. of Oriental Gynecology, Jein Oriental Hospital) ;
  • Heo, Su-Jeong (Dept. of Oriental Gynecology, Jein Oriental Hospital) ;
  • Cho, Hyun-Ju (Dept. of Oriental Gynecology, Jein Oriental Hospital) ;
  • Myoung, Sung-Min (Dept. of Medical Informatics, Jungwon University)
  • 김현진 (제인한방병원 한방부인과) ;
  • 이재은 (제인한방병원 한방부인과) ;
  • 허수정 (제인한방병원 한방부인과) ;
  • 조현주 (제인한방병원 한방부인과) ;
  • 명성민 (중원대학교 의료정보학과)
  • Received : 2009.11.06
  • Accepted : 2009.11.21
  • Published : 2009.12.30

Abstract

Objectives This study was performed to evaluate the relation between hair tissue mineral elements(HTME) and Heart rate variability(HRV) of the metabolic syndrome(MS). Methods 89 persons(41-69 ages) who visited Oriental hospital for medical examination were divided MS group(n=22) and control group(n=67). HTME and HRV were compared, and were analyzed correlation with five contents of the MS. Results (1) In total subjects, waist circumference had a positive correlation with Pb. Blood pressure had a negative correlation with Mg. High density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-chol) had a negative correlation with Pb, Sb and K, while positive correlation with Ca/K. Triglyceride(TG) had a negative correlation with Mg and Na/K, while positive correlation with K and Ca/Mg. (2) In total subjects, TG and fasting blood sugar(FBS) had negative correlation with high frequency(HF), while positive correlation with low frequency/high frequency ratio(LF/HF). (3) In MS group, most of the level of toxic minerals were higher, and the level of major nutritional minerals were lower, but there were no statistical signficance. In two groups, there is no contrast between the correlations of the MS contents and HTME. (4) In MS group, HF was significantly lower and LF/HF was higher than normal group. LF/HF had a negative correlation with waist circumference in MS group, while positive correlation in normal group. (5) In total subjects, TP had a positive correlation with Mg. In two groups, there is no contrast between the correlations of the MS contents and HRV. However LF/HF had a positive correlation with Na in MS group, TP and LF had negative correlation with Ca, while RMSSD and HF had negative correlation with Cu in normal group. Conclusion These results may suggest that HTME and HRV are useful in diagnosing and preventing the metabolic syndrome.

Keywords

References

  1. Isomaa B, Almgren P, Tuomi T, Forsen B, Lahti K, Nissen M, Taskinen MR, Groop L. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(4):683-9.
  2. Lim S, Park KS, Lee HK, Cho SI. Changes in the characteristics of metabolic syndrome in Korea over the period 1998-2001 as determined by Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:1810-2.
  3. 오한진. 모발검사의 허와 실. 가정의학회지. 2003;24:781-5.
  4. 신현택, 송재철, 이재성, 이경희. 모발미네랄분석결과와 비만도의 상관성. 대한한방비만학회지. 2004;4(1):67-80.
  5. 서희선, 장소영, 최준영, 이선녀, 이규래. 모발조직 마그네슘 농도와 비만 연관변수와의 연관성. 대한비만학회지. 2005;14(1):22-8.
  6. 장수익, 김경곤, 이복기, 김형준, 유수현, 강희철, 윤방부. 당뇨 환자의 모발 내 미네랄(무기질)의 함량-당뇨군과 비당뇨군을 비교하여 시행한 환자대조군 연구. 가정의학회지. 2002;23(9):113-9.
  7. Liao D, Sloan RP, Cascio WE, Folsom AR, Liese AD, Evans GW, Cai J, Sharrett AR. Multiple metabolic syndrome is associated with lower heart rate variability. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Stuty. Diabetes Care. 1998;21(12):2116-22.
  8. Tepper D. Frontiers in congestive heart failure: Sympathetic activation in heart failure and its treatment with beta-blockade. Congest Heart Fail. 1999;5(2):92.
  9. Malik M, Farrell T, Camm AJ. Circadian rhythm of heart rate variability after acute myocardial infarction and its influence on the prognostic value of heart rate variability. Am J Cardiol. 1990;66(15):1049-54.
  10. 이용제, 김문성, 김범택, 곽태환, 심재용, 이혜리. 대사증후군과 심박동수 변이와의 관계. 가정의학회지. 2002;23(12):1432-9.
  11. 정회현, 최윤선, 김수현, 손근주, 김대균, 홍정익, 정기삼, 김정아. 대사증후군과 심박동 변이의 연관성. 대한비만학회지. 2005;14(4):220-7.
  12. Park SB, Choi SW, Nam AY. Hair tissue mineral analysis and metabolic syndrome. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2009;130(3):218-28.
  13. 송윤경, 임형호, 김호준, 진성순, 송재철, 신현택. 모발미네랄검사와 자율신경기능 및 비만도와의 연관성 연구-한의학적 변증 응용을 위한-. 대한한의학회지. 2007;28(1);249-59.
  14. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, Gordon DJ, Krauss RM, Savage PJ, Smith SE Jr, Spertus JA, Costa F; American Heart Association; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement Circulation. 2005;112(17):2735-52.
  15. Lee S, Park HS, Kim SM, Kwon HS, Kim DY, Kim DJ, Cho GJ, Han JH, Kim SR, Park CY, Oh SJ, Lee CB, Kim KS, Oh SW, Kim YS, Choi WH, Yoo HJ. Cut-off Point of Waist Circumference for Defining Abdominal Obesity in Korea Population. Korean J Obes. 2006;15:1-9.
  16. Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complication. Part I : Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabetic Med. 1998;15:539-53.
  17. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program(NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults(Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486-97.
  18. Bass DA, Hickock D, Quing D, Urek K. Trace element analysis in hair. factors determining accuracy, precision, and relability. Altern Med Rev. 2001;6(5):472-81.
  19. Kruse-Jarres JD. Limited usefulness of essential trace element analysis in hair. Am Clin Lab. 2000;19:8-10.
  20. Pumprla J, Howoka K, Groves D, Chester M, Nolan J. Functional assessment of heart rate variability : physiological basis and practical applications. Int J Cardiol, 2002;84:1-14.
  21. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Heart rate variability: standard of measurement. physiological interpretation and clinical use. Circulation. 1996:93:1043-65.
  22. Hausmann D, Johnson JA, Sudhir K, Mullen WL, Friedrich G, Fitzgerald PJ, Chou TM, Ports TA, Kane JP, Malloy MJ, Yock PG. Angiographically silent atherosclerosis detected by intravascular ultrasound in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and familial combined hyperlipidemia: correlation with high density lipoproteins. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;27:1562-70.
  23. Barltrop D, Khoo HE. The influence of dietary minerals and fat on the absorption of lead. The Science of the Total Environment. 1976;6:265-73.
  24. 노숙령, 최미경. 일부 농촌 성인 남녀의 식이, 혈액 및 뇨중의 납수준과 혈압, 혈청지질과의 관계. 한국영양식량학회지. 1995;24(6):829-36.
  25. 김정숙, 김미경. 납(Pb)과 지방수준을 달리한 식이로 사육한 성장기 흰쥐의 체내대사변화. 한국영양학회지. 1987;20(4):225-36.
  26. Luthringer C, Rayssiguier Y, Gueux E, Berthelot A. Effect of moderate magnesium deficiency on serum lipids, blood pressure and cardiovascular reactivity in normaotensive rats. Br J Nutr. 1988;59(2):243-50.
  27. Sharma AM. The thrifty-genotype hypothesis and its implications for the study of complex genetic disorders in man. J Mol Med. 1998;76:568-71.
  28. 대한내과학회 해리슨내과학 편집위원회. Harrison's 내과학 제1권. 서울:도서출판 MIP. 2003:285-9.
  29. 윤현정, 신호철, 최지호, 허윤석, 홍성빈, 김용성, 김경우. 비만 성인에서 대사증후군과 갑상선호르몬과의 상관관계. 대한비만학회지. 2008;17(1):10-9.
  30. Kozlowska L, Rosolowska-Huszcz D. Leptin, thyrotropin, and thyroid hormones in obese/overweight women before and after two levels of energy deficit. Endocrine. 2004;24(2):147-53.
  31. 김영설, 이창열. 해독과 영양요법을 위한 모발미네랄검사. 서울:대한의학서적. 2009:46-99.
  32. Dekker JM, Crow RS, Folsom AR, Hannan PJ, Liao D, Swenne CA, Schouten EG. Low heart rate variability in a 2-minute rhythm strip predicts risk of coronary heart disease and mortality from several causes: the ARIC study. Circulation. 2000;102:1239-44.
  33. Farag NH, Bardwell WA, Nelesen RA. Autonomic responses to psychological stress: The influence of menopausal status. Ann Behay Med. 2003;26(2):134-8.
  34. Almoznino-Sarafian D, Sarafian G, Berman S, Shteinshnaider M, Tzur I, Cohen N, Gorelik O. Magnesium administration may improve heart rate variability in patients with heart failure. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009;19(9):641-5.
  35. Wang WJ. Prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao. 2004;2(5):309-5.
  36. 민인규, 김창현, 황재웅, 박주영, 이승엽, 최원우, 나병조, 박성욱, 정우상, 문상관, 박정미, 고창남, 조기호, 김영석, 배형섭. 중풍환자의 습담변증과 대사증후군과의 관련성 연구. 대한한의학회지. 2009;30(1):109-19.
  37. 장수익, 김경곤, 이복기, 김형준, 유수현, 강희철, 윤방부. 당뇨 환자의 모발 내 미네랄(무기질)의 함량-당뇨군과 비당뇨군을 비교하여 시행한 환자 대조군 연구-. 가정의학회지. 2002;23(9):1133-40.