Comparison of Area Pricing and Cordon Pricing in General Equilibrium Models

구역혼잡통행료와 진입통행료의 비교

  • 유상균 (대진대학교 도시공학과) ;
  • 정창무 (서울대학교 건설환경공학부) ;
  • 이혁주 (서울산업대학교 행정학과)
  • Published : 2009.04.30

Abstract

This paper compares the relative performances of area and cordon tolls as opposed to the first-best congestion tolls with respect to alleviation of traffic congestion and social welfare. The comparison is done in the monocentric city where all the jobs are located at the city center. The study shows that the size of charging zones is similar in the two second-bests, but that the optimal toll level is higher in area pricing than in cordon pricing. Area pricing schemes turn out to perform better than cordon pricing schemes as measured by average speeds and daily average travel time. Accordingly, the former is shown to increase the social welfare more than the latter. In the case of the cordon tolls, the residents at the charging zones are exempted from the tolls. In this way, cordon tolls invite people into the most congested areas over the optimal level while partially negating the whole spirit of the congestion tolls.

본 연구는 구역혼잡통행료(Area pricing)와 진입통행료(Cordon pricing)의 최적 부과경계와 요금수준을 탐색하고 이들 두 방식이 차선정책수단으로서 최선의 정책수단인 이론적 혼잡통행료에 비해 교통혼잡의 완화와 후생상 어떤 차별적 효과가 있는지를 보여준다. 본 연구는 장기적으로 혼잡통행료가 생산 및 소비시장과 토지시장의 균형을 변화시킴에 따라 이들을 고려하기 위해 일반균형조건 아래 단핵도시에서 징수방식들을 비교하고 있다. 연구결과 구역혼잡통행료와 진입통행료의 최적 부과경계는 도시반경이 22km인 경우 도시 중심으로부터 3km 떨어진 구역경계에 동일하게 위치하며 최적 부과경계 아래 최적 요금은 구역혼잡통행료가 진입통행료에 비하여 약간 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 이론적 혼잡통행료에 가장 근접한 사회적 효용 개선효과를 발생시키는 징수방식은 구역혼잡통행료이며 진입통행료가 구역혼잡통행료 보다 낮은 개선효과를 발생시키는 것으로 평가되었다. 교통환경 개선효과 역시 사회적 효용개선효과와 동일하게 통행속도와 일일 평균통행시간에서 구역혼잡통행료가 진입통행료에 비하여 높은 개선효과를 가져오는 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

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