Effects of Natural Wetland in Reducing Nutrient Loadings from Rice Culture - Free-Range Ducks (RCFD) Paddy fields in Korea

오리농업재배 소유역내 자연습지가 오리농업시 유출되는 영양염류 부하량 저감에 미치는 영향

  • Ko, Jee-Yeon (Department of Functional Crops, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Jae-Saeng (Department of Functional Crops, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jung, Ki-Youl (Department of Functional Crops, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Choi, Young-Dae (Department of Functional Crops, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Yun, Eul-Soo (Department of Functional Crops, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Woo, Koan-Sik (Department of Functional Crops, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Seo, Myung-Chul (Department of Functional Crops, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Nam, Min-hee (Department of Functional Crops, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 고지연 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 이재생 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 정기열 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 최영대 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 윤을수 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 우관식 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 서명철 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 남민희 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부)
  • Received : 2009.07.02
  • Accepted : 2009.07.30
  • Published : 2009.08.28

Abstract

The amount of nutrients from the effluents of rice culture - free-range ducks (RCFD) paddy fields and the effects of natural wetlands located at downstream of RCFD on water quality and aquatic plants was evaluated. This was carried out in a 61.9 ha paddy fields in Ulsan, Gyeongnam, where downstream is a 5.9 ha natural wetland, 61% of which was covered with well-developed aquatic plants. The amounts of T-N and T-P in the effluent from paddy field with RCFD were 13.7 and $2.5kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, which is 1.2~2.5 times higher than those observed in conventional rice culture practice. The amount of runoff from the RCFD area, calculated using the revised TANK model, was $543mm\;ha^{-1}$ with 808 kg of T-N and 130 kg of T-P during rice cultivation period. The dominant aquatic plants in the wetland includes Phragmites communis, Zizania latifolia, Persicaria thunbergii. etc. The nutrient contents of the aquatic plants which amounted to 761 kg of T-N and 103 kg of T-P were almost equivalent to 94% and 79% of the T-N and T-P in RCFD and CRC effluent. Therefore, the use and maintenance of wetlands in RCFDs area could be a good solution to management the non-point pollution from duck feces in RCFD paddy fields.

오리농업재배가 이뤄지고 있는 소유역 하류에 위치한 자연습지가 오리농업시 유출되는 영양염류 부하량 저감에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 오리농업재배가 이뤄지고 있는 소유역은 논면적이 61.9ha로서 총 논면적의 74%에서 오리농업재배가 이뤄지고 있었으며 하류에 위치한 자연습지의 면적은 5.9ha를 차지하고 있었다. 재배기간 중 오리농업이 이뤄지고 있는 논물의 영양염류 함량을 조사한 결과 T-N 13.7, $T-P2.5kg\;ha^{-1}$로 나타났는데, 이는 동일기간 중 관행재배에 비해 1.2~2.5배 높은 결과였다. 하류에 위치한 자연습지의 우점초생은 갈대, 줄, 고마리 등이었으며, 이들 식생이 함유하고 있는 영양염류량은 T-N 761 kg, T-P103 kg으로서 오리재배논으로부터 유출되는 영양염류 부하량의 94%와 79%에 해당되는 양이었다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 볼 때, 오리재배농업단지 하류에 습지를 유지하는 것은 오리농업 재배시 발생할 수 있는 영양염류 부하량을 저감시킬 수 있는 하나의 방법이 될 수 있으리라 생각된다.

Keywords

References

  1. American Public Health Association. 1989. Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Wastewater AWWA and WPCF (17th ed.). Washington DC
  2. Asano, H., Isobe, K. and Tsuboki, Y. 1999. Eating habits andbehaviour of aigamo ducks in paddy fields. J. weed Sci. Tech. 44:1-8 https://doi.org/10.3719/weed.44.1
  3. Bavor, H. J. and C. M. Davies and K. Sakadevan. 2001. Stormwater treatment : do constructed wetlands yield improved pollutant management performance over a detention pond system? Wat. Sci.Tech. 44(11): 565-570.
  4. Chin, Y. M., S. W. Park, S. M. Kim, M. S. Kang and M. G. Kang.2002. Nutrient loads estimation at paddy field using Creams-paddy model. Journal of Rural Development. 8(1): 60-68
  5. Choi, J. K., J. W. Koo, J. K. Son, K. S. Yoon and J. Y. Cho. 2001.Nutrient balance and runoff loading during cropping period from a paddy plot in Maryeong irrigation district. Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers. 43(5): 153-162
  6. Duda, A.M., and R.A. Johnson. 1985. Cost- effective targeting of agiricultural nonpoint source pollution control. Journal of soil and water conservation. 40:108-111
  7. Ilg, K., Siemens, J., and Kaupenjohann, M. 2005. Colloidal and dissolved phosphorous in sandy soils as affected by phosphorous saturation. Journal of environmental quality. 34: 926-935 https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.0101
  8. Jeon, J. H., C. G Yoon, H. S. Hwang and K. S. Yoon. 2003. Water quality model development for loading estimates from paddy field,Korean Journal of Limnology. 36(3): 344-355
  9. Kang, Y. S., J. I. Kim and J. H. Park. 1995. Influence of rice-duck farming system on yield and quality of rice. Korean Journal of Crop Science. 40(4): 437-443
  10. Kim, C. W., C. G. Kim and G .C. Lee. 1984. Agricultural irrigation and drainage. 363 pp, 4nd edition, Hwangmoonsa
  11. Kim, J. K. 2007. Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration. Milyang
  12. Kim, S. B. 2005. Agriculture phosphorous runoff and water quality management in watershed. Trends in agriculture & life science.3(3): 22-28
  13. Ko, B. D. 2003. Effects of intertillage and muddying by free ranging ducks on pH and dissolved oxygen of stagnant water, and soil physiochemical properties in paddy field soil. 2003. Korean Journal of Crop Science. 48(3): 262-266
  14. Ko, J. Y., H. W. Kang, J. S. Lee, C. S. Kim, K. Sakadevan and H. J.Bavor. 2003. Nutrients Removal Efficiency by Vegetation Density on Constructed Wetland from Small Watershed. Korean Journal of Environmental. Agriculture. 22(4): 266-272 https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2003.22.4.266
  15. Lee, G.F. 1971. Role of phosphorous in eutrophication and diffuse source control. Water research pergamon press vol. 7 : 111-128 https://doi.org/10.1029/WR007i001p00111
  16. Lee, G.H., J.H. Park, Y.J. Oh. 1993. Effects of free-range ducks paddy fields on rice quality. Annual Report of National Institute of Crop Science. Rural Development Administration. 184-187, Suwon, Korea
  17. Lemunyon, J.L. and Gilbert, R.G. 1993. The concept and need for a phosphorous assessment tool. Journal of production agriculture.6:483-486.
  18. Ministry of Environment, 2001, Standard Method for the Examination of Water
  19. Rural Development Administration. 2004. Manual for environmental friendly agriculture practice. Suwon, Korea.
  20. Sakadevan, K. and H.J. Bavor. 1999. Nutrient removal mechanisms in constructed wetlands and sustainable water management Wat. Sci. Tech. 40(2): 121-128.
  21. Yang, H. M. and H. Kim. 2001. Calculation of pollutant loadings from stream watershed using digital elevation model and pollutant load unit factors. Journal of Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture. 29(1): 22-31.
  22. Yoon, C. G., H. S. Seon, J. H. Jeon and J. H. Ham. 2003. Analysis of nutrients balance during paddy rice cultivation. Korea of Journal Limnology. 36(1): 66-73.
  23. Yoon, H.B. and G.N. Hwang. 1998. Organic agriculture for sustainable nutrients cycling. Annual Report of National Academy of Agricultural Science. Rural Development Administration. 173-181, Suwon, Korea
  24. Yoon, K. S., J. Y. Choi, K. H. Heon and J. Y. Cho. 2002. Flow weighted mean concentration and runoff-mass load relationship of pollutants derived from intensively sampled water quality data of a paddy field. Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers. 44(5): 127-135