Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer (한국토양비료학회지)

Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer (한국토양비료학회)
권호 표지

Contamination Source Assessment of Groundwater Nitrate in a Complex Terrain

복잡한 지형에서 발생하는 지하수의 질산태 질소 오염원 평가

  • 한광현 (충북대학교 응용생명환경학부)
  • Received : 2009.01.02
  • Accepted : 2009.01.25
  • Published : 2009.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Classification of land uses and analysis of nitrogen isotope fractionation in groundwater nitrate were carried out to examine its contamination sources in Jeju province. ${\delta}^{15}N$ values of urea (hydrolyzed with urease), ammonium sulfate, compost, water from septic tank were -1.7, -5.8, +14.1, and +24.0‰, respectively. Urea, when it was directly distillated, showed -16.5‰. Based on these ${\delta}^{15}N$ values, sources of nitrate could be classified as originated from chemical fertilizers with ${\delta}^{15}N$ values below +5‰ and as from animal manure or municipal waste with ${\delta}^{15}N$ values over +10‰. Results of ${\delta}^{15}N$ analysis of 33 wells showed that most wells had the chemical fertilizers as their dominant contamination source. However, some wells were contaminated by other sources: animal wastes or municipal wastes. Some wells were also contaminated by the combined sources of nitrate. It was also demonstrated that ${\delta}^{15}N$ analysis could be a useful tool even in the case where no apparent contamination source is found.

토지이용에서 보았을 때 제주도는 해안을 따라 넓게 분포하는 밭과 과수원의 화학비료와, 중산간 지대 방목지의 가축분뇨 및 산발적으로 존재하는 주거지역의 생활하수에 의한 질산태 질소 오염이 추정되었다. 질소동위원소 분석이 이들 오염원들을 구분하기 위하여 사용되었으며, 주요 오염원인 요소, 유안, 축분정화조, 축분유기질 비료에 대해 측정된 $\delta^{15}N$ 값을 토대로 화학비료에 의한 오염은 5‰ 이하, 생활하수 혹은 가축분뇨에 의한 오염은 10‰ 이상으로 기준을 정하였다. 제주도 전역에 걸친 33개 관정의 질산태 질소 동위원소 분석결과는 대부분의 관정이 화학비료에 의해 오염되었으며, 일부 관정이 가축분뇨와 생활하수에 의해 영향받았음을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 질소동위원소분석이 토지이용분류로는 판별하기 어려운 오염원 추정에 매우 유용한 수단이 될 수 있음을 나타낸다. 특히 좁은 지역에서 토지이용이 다양하게 이루어 지고 있는 경우에 중요한 오염원 추정 수단이 될 수 있음을 경기, 강원 지역의 지하수 분석을 통해 확인할 수 있었으며, 또한 두 가지 이상의 오염원이 동시에 작용할 수 있고 그 기여도가 시기별로 달라질 수 있음을 확인하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Armstrong, A.C. and T.P. Burt. 1993. Nitrate losses from agricultural land. p. 239-267. In T.P. Burt, A.L. heathwaite and S.T. Trudgill (ed.) Nitrate: Process, Patterns and Management. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK
  2. ASI (Agricultural Sciences Institute). 1988. Soil Chemical Analysis. ASI, Rural Development Administration. Suwon, Korea
  3. Choi, W.J. 1998. Ionic Composition of Groundwater as Affected by Land-Use Type and Elucidation of Nitrate Pollution Source. M.S. Thesis, Seoul National Univ., Dep. of Agricultural Chemistry. Seoul, Korea
  4. Click, D.E. 1994. Suggested approach and methodologies for determining the spatial and temporal quality of groundwater resulting from agricultural land use. In Proc. of the International Symposium on Agricultural Water Quality Management Techniques. Suwon, Korea. 11 November 1994. Dean's Association of Agricultural Colleges in Korea and National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management, Suwon, Korea
  5. Evans, A.E. and D.R. Maidment. 1995. A Spatial and Statistical Assessment of the Vulnerability of Texas Groundwater to Nitrate Contamination. Online report 95-4. Center for Research in Water Resources, University of Texas, Austin, Texas
  6. Flipse, Jr. W.J. and F.T. Bonner. 1985. Nitrogen isotope ratios of nitrate in ground water under fertilized field, Long Island, New York. Ground Water. 23:59-67 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1985.tb02780.x
  7. Freyer, H.D. and A.L.M. Aly. 1974. Nitrogen-15 variations in fertilizer nitrogen. J. Environ. Qual. 3:405-406 https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1974.34405x
  8. Komor, S.C. and H.W. Anderson Jr. 1993. Nitrogen isotope as indicators of nitrate sources in Minnesota sand-plain aquifers. Groundwater. 31:260-270 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb01818.x
  9. Kreitler, C.W. 1975. Determining the Source of Nitrate in Ground Water by Nitrogen Isotope Studies. Report of Investigations No 83. Bureau of Economic Geology, Univ. Texas, Austin, TX
  10. Kreitler, C.W. 1977. Nitrogen isotopes of soil and ground water nitrate, Lockhart and Taylor alluvial fans, central Texas. Geol. Soc. Amer. 96:1058-1059
  11. Kreitler, C.W. and D.C. Jones. 1975. Natural soil nitrate: the cause of the nitrate contamination of ground water in Runnels County, Texas. Groundwater. 13:53-62 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1975.tb03065.x
  12. Kreitler, C.W. and L.A. Browning. 1983. Origin and history of nitrate in confined groundwater in the western Kalahari. J. Hydro. 62:243-262 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(83)90105-1
  13. Kreitler, C.W., S.E. Ragone, and B.G. Katz. 1978. N15/N14 ratios of ground-water nitrate, Long Island, New York. Ground Water. 16:404-409. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1978.tb03254.x
  14. Madison, R. and J. Brunett. 1985. Overview of the occurrence of nitrate in ground water of the United States. Water-Supply paper 2275. In USGS National Water Summary 1985 - Hydrologic events, selected water-quality trends and ground-water resources. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia
  15. Mariotti, A. and R. Letolle. 1977. Application of nitrogen-isotope studies to hydrology and hydrogeology: analysis of the peculiar case of the Melarchez Basin (Seine-et-Marne, France). J. Hydrol. 33:157-172 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(77)90105-6
  16. Richards, R., D. Baker, N. Creamer, J. Kramer, D. Ewing, B. Merryfield, and L. Wallrabenstein. 1996. Well water quality, well vulnerability, and agricultural contamination in the midwestern United States. J. Environ. Qual. 25:389-402 https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1996.253389x
  17. Shearer, G. and D.H. Kohl. 1993. Natural abundance of 15N: Fractional contribution of two sources to a common sink and use of isotope discrimination. p. 89-125. In R. Knowles and T.H. Blackburn (Ed.) Nitrogen Isotope Techniues. Academic Press. San Diego, CA
  18. Song, K.C. 1989. Andic Properties of Major Soils in Cheju Island (In Korean). Ph.D. Thesis, Seoul National Univ., Dep. of Agricultural Chemistry. Seoul, Korea
  19. Willams, A.E., J.A. Johnson, L.J. Lund, and Z.J. Kabala. 1998. Spatial and temporal variations in nitrate contamination of a rural aquifer, California. J. Environ. Qual. 27:1147-1157 https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1998.2751147x
  20. Wilson, G.B., J.N. Andrews, and A.H. Bath. 1994. The nitrogen isotope composition of groundwater nitrates from the East Midlands Triassic Sandstone aquifer, England. J. Hydro. 157:35-46 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)90097-3
  21. Yoo, S.H., W.J. Choi, and G.H. Han. 1999. An investigation of the sources of nitrate contamination in the Kyonggi province groundwater by isotope ratios analysis of nitrogen. Journal of Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer. 32:47-56
  22. Zhang, R., J.D. Hamerlinck, S.P. Gloss, and L. Munn. 1996. Determination of nonpoint-source pollution using GIS and numerical models. J. Environ. Qual. 25:411-418 https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1996.253411x